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Control methods for common pests of medicinal plants
The pests of medicinal plants are numerous and harmful, and the prevention and control of insect pests is an important measure to ensure and increase the yield and quality of medicinal materials. At the current time of spring and summer, it is the most active stage of various insect pests. The common pests and their prevention and control methods for the cultivation of Chinese herbal medicines are described as follows: Aphids occur from April to September, and the pests are severe from April to June. Before and after, especially on rainy days, it spreads faster. It is of many different types and shapes, with yellow, green, black, brown, gray and so on. In the event of damage, the insects gather in the tender and juicy parts of the leaves and stems, resulting in curling of the leaves and growing points. The growth stops and the leaves turn yellow and dry. There are many medicinal plants that are harmed by locusts, and almost all medicinal plants are affected by them. Control methods: Weeds are thoroughly removed to reduce their chances of migration; in the occurrence period, 1000-1500 dilutions of Dimethoate (40%) or 1000-1500 times dilution of exterpenazone (Xuanzhiling) can be sprayed and sprayed. Times until killing. The scale insects have two kinds of powder oyster shells and wax cocoons, which mainly harm the medicinal materials such as Tianqi. It usually begins in June of each year. After the heavy rain, the stalk is damaged from the ground. After July, it damages the flower axis and petioles, and the damage is serious from August to October. The worm body adheres to stems, flower shafts, and small drug axes to absorb sap. After the culprit is damaged, the plants grow poorly and the flowers wilted. When they are severe, dry flowers and small fruits dry out. Control methods: 1Insect pest stage, strengthen inspection, found on the plant with a pest body in time to pinch insects; 2 Tianqiyuan pests, in the young age of the beetle with multiple-killing 600-800 times dilution Spraying; 3 When the pests are severe, spray 1000 times diluted solution of dichlorvos on the affected plants and the parasites, spray once every 5-7 days, and spray 2-3 times continuously. The ground tiger is also known as silkworm and silkworm. Occurred in rainy and wet April-June. The larvae feed on the stems and leaves, bite off the tender stems, resulting in the lack of seedlings and ridges; after a bit of a big time, they drill into the soil and go out at night to feed on the young roots and fine seedlings and destroy plant growth. There are many medicinal plants that are harmed, such as alfalfa, Chinese angelica, Atractylodes macrocephala, Campanulaceae, habitat, and yam. Control methods: Manure must be kept under high temperature, fully cooked before application; from late March to early April eradicate weeds on the ground, remove dead leaves and eliminate overwintering larvae and pupae; use 75% phoxim EC as seeds 0.1 % seed dressing; inspect the damaged seedlings before sunrise and excavate to kill; when the damage is severe, use 75% phoxim 700 times solution for hole irrigation, or spray 90% trichlorfon 600 times. In May, the adult was unearthed in the epidermis at the top of the shoots. The larvae first moved in the epidermis, and then drilled into the xylem to feed at the base. After the fall, they drilled to the stem base or the roots to overwinter. After the plants are victimized, they gradually wilted, wilted, and even died. Control methods: When the adult is unearthed, 80% trichlorfon is used to percolate the flower pier; in the prolific spawning period, spray 50% phoxim EC 600 times every 7-10 days, or 50% phosphoamine EC. 1500 times the liquid, several times in succession; found the worms, cut and burned; 80% of the immersed venom immersion cotton wool stuffed into the wormholes, sealed with mud, killing larvae; or wire inserted into a new wormhole assassination. The high temperature and dry climate of Red spider in July-August is favorable for its reproduction. There are many species and the body is tiny and red. More concentrated on the back of the plant to draw juice. The damaged leaves are red-yellow in the early stages, and when the latter is severe, the whole leaves are dry and the flowers and young fruits are also affected. The pest is highly fertile and there are many medicinal plants that are harmed by it, such as Panax pseudoginseng, Angelica sinensis, habitat, oyster shell, safflower, and Chuanxiong. Control methods: During the occurrence period, 50% triclosan 1500-fold dilution or 25% insecticidal 200-300 dilution can be used to spray, and 40% Dimethoate 1500-fold dilution can also be sprayed. In early July to early August, larvae first entered the twigs and then turned to the coarse branches and the main branches. The branches often burrowed and dark brown around them, resulting in severed upper branches. Withered. Control methods: hung black light to trap adult worms; remove pests in time and concentrate burning; use 90% trichlorfon 800 times spray every 7 days for 2-3 consecutive times. The borers are 4-5 generations throughout the year, and the larvae are harmful to the leaves, roots, stems and buds of the plants, seriously affecting the yield and quality. Control methods: During the prosperous period of the adult, choose the light to kill with no wind at night; the egg stage and the larvae before the end of incubation are sprayed with 90% trichlorfon 500 times or 40% omethoate EC 3000 times. The moth is also called itchy. From early June to September, the larvae damage the leaves, forming holes and nicks. The young larvae have colony and when the damage is serious, the saplings die. Adult moths have phototaxis. Control methods: in winter and spring to dig insects; spore content of 10 billion / g powder 500 times. Tai Chi is also known as a bridge insect. From May to September, larvae damage branches, leaves and buds, causing a reduction in production. Control methods: After the spring, dig soil within 1 meter around the plants; at the early stage of larvae, kill larvae by weed killing, or spray 2.5% of fish essence oil 400-600 times; or use dichlorvos, trichlorfon 1000 times spray Kill (flowering stops spraying). Huang Shougua is harmful to leaves, shoots, and roots. Larvae endanger the roots in the soil and cause the underground parts of the plants to die; adults bite the leaves into nicks and affect growth. Control methods: In May, when adults lay eggs quickly, use 5kg of chaff and sawdust, mix diesel with 0.5kg, spread around the plants to prevent adulthood from spawning. In the morning, kill adult animals by hand and when adults become harm, spray 90% of the enemy. Insects 1000-2000 dilutions or 80% dichlorvos 1000-1500 times. In the south, it is known as the old female worm, the northern one is the walnut worm, and the adult is called the beetle. Adults and larvae can all be harmed, and larvae are the most serious. Larvae are common underground pests, which mainly eat biting roots and underground stems and also bite on the stems of the ground. Adults mainly harm the aerial parts. Many medicinal plants are harmed, such as Ophiopogon japonicus, Chinese yam, Achyranthes bidentae, Angelica sinensis, Codonopsis pilosula, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Chinese peony root, ginseng, heterophylla, Zhejiang fritillaria, safflower and so on. Prevention and control method 1 In the evening and evening, use light to seduce the adult; 2 During the occurrence period, use 90% trichlorfon 1000 times or 50% E605 EC 1000 times dilution to water the cave; 3 Use 25 grams of chlordane emulsified wheat bran 5 kg plus A suitable amount of water was dubbed as a poison bait, and it was stalked and killed near the plants in the evening. Throat adults and larvae are harmful to the stems and leaves of medicinal herbs such as Morinda officinalis, and are seriously endangered during autumn drought, mainly sucking the juice from the stems and leaves, and affecting growth. In severe cases, the young stems and leaves are shriveled and dried, and the old leaves are irregularly curled. Finally, the plants gradually dry and cause the roots to rot. Control methods: 40% dimethoate or 50% phoxim 1500-fold dilution or 25% dithiophos-containing 1000-fold dilution at the onset of disease, spraying once every 20 days, and spraying 2-3 times continuously. D. glabripa is the peak in spring and autumn, and it is the most serious in spring. It also harms the aerial part of the plant, feeds on germinating seeds, harms the roots, causes seedling deficiency, root rot and dead plants. Control methods: Use 250 ml of 50% phoxim EC and pour water into the water hole. Use 500 kg/mu of liquid. The period of the young plant of the genipinium botulinum occurs, and the insect is silked and wraps, which is harmful to the tip and young leaves. Control methods: During the occurrence period, 50% dimethoate emulsion can be sprayed with 1000 times solution (preferably in sunny afternoon), once every 2 days, for 2-3 consecutive times. The fruit flies, also known as borers, occur from May to September. Adults are like small flies, spawning on flower buds. The larvae lick the flower buds and pupate in the buds. The buds are severely damaged without flowering. Control methods: In adulthood, spray trichlorfon or dimethoate 1500 times. From April to May, a hole is often shot at night to shoot new shoots and shoots, causing severe seedlings. Control methods: Fill the hole with 800 times liquid of trichlorfon and then seal the hole with mud. It is also possible to use a small amount of fresh encrusted leaves to cover the hole of the trichlorfon powder plug and kill it very well. Pieris also known as Pieris. May-September. The larvae bite the leaves and cause holes and gaps in the leaves. Control methods: larvae spraying 90% trichlorfon 800 times.