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Cultivation Techniques of Needle Mushrooms
1. Choose a suitable cultivation time White velutine mushrooms are mostly low-temperature varieties, and the mycelium growth temperature is 18-20°C, and the mushroom formation temperature is 6-8°C. Accordingly, white needle mushroom is generally suitable for cultivation of mushrooms from October to next March. 2. Preparation of culture materials The culture materials should be wood chips and rice bran. Sawdust is most suitable for finely chopped willow and fir chips. Before use, it is best to go through more than 1 year of accumulation. During the accumulation process, watering is often done to keep the wood chips wet to remove the harmful substances in the wood chips. The proportion of wood chips should be reasonable: 20% of the general diameter is 2-3mm, and 40% is 1-2mm. Less than 1 mm accounted for 40%, more coarse wood chips, easy to dry the medium; more wood chips, poor permeability, affect the mycelial growth rate. Rice bran contains all the nutrients required for growth and development of white needle mushroom, but rice bran and defatted rice bran, which contain more starch, have been degenerated and should not be used as much as possible. The volume ratio of sawdust to rice bran is 3:1. About 350 kg of water is added per cubic meter of mixed material, and the water content of culture material is 63%. Stir the ingredients well to make them moist. 3. Bottling sterilization is carried out in 800 ml plastic bottles, approximately 480 grams per bottle. The surface of the culture material should be compacted, and ensure that each bottle is filled with equal amount of culture material, which is consistent in elasticity and consistent in height. This is the premise that the future development of bacteria is consistent, the fruiting process is simultaneous, and the length of the stipe is consistent. After the cap is sealed, it should be sterilized immediately. It takes too long (2-3 hours in summer) to ferment. Sterilization can be normal pressure sterilization and autoclaving. Atmospheric pressure sterilization, maintaining the temperature within the material above 98 °C for 4 hours; autoclaving, the material temperature reached 120 °C for 70 minutes. At the end of the sterilization, the bottle was placed in a sterilized cooling chamber, cooled to 25-20°C, and inoculated in time. 4. The inoculation is generally performed in a sterile room. The ratio of strains to culture materials is 1:50. The strains are required to be covered with the surface of the culture material so that the mycelium can grow evenly and the contamination of the bacteria can be effectively prevented. 5. Mycelium culture will be connected to a good species of bacteria in a timely manner into the culture room, the temperature should be controlled at 18-20 °C, air humidity in the 60% -70%, generally 2 days or so began to germinate mycelium. Ventilation twice a day, every 30 minutes, 20-25 days later, the mushroom mycelium can be covered with bacteria. 6. Mushrooms The so-called Mushrooms are used to remove old strains of bacteria and dermatophytes using rakes (or by hand). The Fruit body can be neatly produced from the surface of the culture medium by the fungus. In normal circumstances, the normal growth of the mycelium should be the first bottle, then the growth of mycelia is poor. It is better if there is obvious pollution. There are several methods of flatworm, scraping, and air blast. The flat ridge does not damage the material surface, but only the old bacterium is cut off. This method produces many mushrooms and the number of flowers is large. The scraping smashes the old bacterium species together with the 5 mm surface material (suitable for sawdust) and blocks them off. And hyphae, mushrooming late, the number of flowers is reduced, generally do not have; gas strontium is the use of high-pressure air flow to blow off the old strains, this method is the easiest. 7. The buds should be promptly treated after budding. The temperature at this stage should be controlled at 12-13°C, giving enough low temperature stimulation to promote the formation of primordia. However, in the first 3 days, 90%-95% of the relative humidity in the air should be maintained so that the hyphae can grow again. Afterwards, due to the rapid growth of respiratory tract and the increase of carbon dioxide content, ventilation should be gradually increased after the mycelium recovers. At the same time, it is necessary to prevent the material surface from drying and humidify with a humidifier. When accelerating buds, stack 240 bottles per square meter. About 7 days or so, you can see the fish-like mushroom buds. You can see the fruit body embryos in about 12 days and the buds are over. 8. Homogenizing and inhibiting the development of homogeneity is the transitional stage of inhibition treatment. The room temperature should be controlled at about 8°C, the air humidity should be 85%-90%, and the air environment should be close to the natural state to promote the differentiation of the buds in the low temperature environment. When the mushroom bud grows to 1 cm, it is transferred to the inhibition stage, the temperature is adjusted to 4-6°C, the air humidity is 85%-90%, the carbon dioxide concentration is less than 0.10%, and the hair is blown and lighted (2-3 hours per day). It promoted the uniformity of the stipe length, the tight organization, and the amount of milky white color of the mushroom. Inhibition is mainly to use the breeze to align the fruiting body to boast. Place 150 bottles per square meter. At low temperatures and cold winds, although the fruit bodies grow slowly, they are neat, strong, and strong. After the fruit body grows 3 cm from the bottle, it can be put on the tube and transferred to the childbirth room.