Eleven mistakes in fertilization in grape growing

New vines usually have new roots when their tendrils grow. Applying too much fertilizer before the new roots grow, on the one hand, it makes it difficult for the seedlings to absorb water, and on the other hand, it makes it difficult for the new roots to grow.

Note: When new roots are just growing, it is not suitable to use too high a concentration of fertilizer.

2. After germination, the leaves yellowed and fertilized a lot.

From germination to flowering of the vine, 65% of the nutrition comes from the storage of the tree in the previous year. At this time, the tree showed yellowing, which was mainly due to insufficient nutrient accumulation in the tree in the previous year.

The relevant factors are as follows:

(1) Last year's output was high, harvest was late, and nutritional accumulation was insufficient;

(2) Early leaf fall caused by downy mildew late last year;

(3) Nitrogen fertilizers are abundant in the latter part of last year, and the branches cannot mature normally when fallen leaves;

(4) In the latter part of the previous year, the root system caused a large number of root deaths when the soil moisture was too high or the fertilization amount was too large;

(5) Base fertilizer is applied too late or fertilization is applied in spring, and the root system is largely damaged. All these reasons are basically related to the weak and weak root system. In early spring, the temperature rises fast and the ground temperature rises slowly. If you choose a lot of fertilization and watering, the soil temperature will be lower, the root system will have a lower absorption capacity, and the root system itself. The less weak it is, the less watering and fertilizing will occur. In this case, on the one hand, the soil needs to be loosened and ventilated to increase the ground temperature, and at the same time, the foliage must be supplemented with nutrients.

3. If the treetop is yellowed or the whole tree is yellowed, the iron fertilizer is blindly supplemented.

In some orchards, the yellow leaves of the treetops, or even the yellowish leaves of the whole tree, the symptoms are very similar to iron deficiency, not necessarily soil iron deficiency, mostly cold and wet soil, poor root respiration, weak absorption capacity, and iron. Difficult to absorb other elements, resulting in yellowing of the upper part of the tree. This phenomenon mostly occurs in orchards covered with grapes or plastic mulches and soil moisture is too large. At this time, fertilization or watering will reduce the ground temperature and aggravate the symptoms of iron deficiency. Elements such as foliar iron supplementation cannot replace the absorption of the root system, but can only treat the symptoms but not the root causes. The first thing to do is to loosen the air and drain and dehumidify. The grapes in the greenhouse should be loosened, and the wind should be released in time to release more wind, which can reduce the temperature in the shed, reduce water consumption, and reduce humidity. At the same time, the leaf surface is supplemented with nutrients for grape growth and development.

4. Grape vines grow slowly and fertilize in large quantities.

Many vines do not grow, and the new shoots are difficult to grow. The main reasons are that the soil moisture is too large or the soil is airtight, the root system is difficult to breathe, the absorption capacity is low, or the root system is weak and weak. At this time, fertilization resulted in greater soil moisture and poorer air permeability. When the amount of fertilizer is too large, it is easy to burn the roots. The first problem to be solved in this case is soil permeability and root respiratory vitality. Loosening and dehumidification are effective measures. I strongly agree with a teacher who said that the root system is the engine.

5, the more fertilization, the better, heavy fertilization and light absorption.

Many grape growers take it for granted that the more fertilizer they apply, the better the grapes will grow and the higher the yield. According to research by Liu Ailing and Wang Shiping of Shanghai Jiaotong University, grapes with high-concentration fertilizers have lower yields and lower quality than grapes with medium- and low-concentration fertilizers. As mentioned earlier, five bags of fertilizer can be applied to more than one acre of land. There is no root system to grow at all, let alone absorption. Since it cannot be absorbed, why bother with fertilizer? Many fruit farmers are very blind when fertilizing, comparing each other, and the amount of fertilizing is getting larger and larger. In a sense, more fertilization is not as good as trying to increase fertilizer utilization and increase absorption, or more fertilization is not as good as growing roots. Only by creating a loose, breathable, dry, wet, and organic-rich soil environment will it be conducive to root growth and absorption. When the soil environment is good, the root system will be good. A healthy root system is the guarantee for the healthy growth of the ground part, and there will be healthy fruits.

6, fertilization is too concentrated, too close to the trunk.

The distance that fertilizer can move in the soil is limited, that is, when the fertilizer is concentrated, only part of the root system is absorbing nutrients. Concentrated fertilization can easily lead to excessive local concentrations of fertilizers and root burning. The root system absorbs nutrients mainly by capillary roots. Where it is too close to the trunk, the capillary roots are rarely distributed, and most of them are relatively thick root systems. These roots mainly transport nutrients and water absorbed from capillary roots, and have no absorption function. When fertilizing too close to the trunk, not only the absorption and utilization rate is low, it is easy to cause burnout of the thicker root system, which has a great impact on the growth of the tree. If a large number of thick roots died last year, the germs would spread along the dead roots, which would cause the branches in the next year to die suddenly.

7. During drip irrigation, only drip fertilizer, not clear water.

In individual orchards, fertilizer is added every time, and clear water is stopped dripping immediately after the fertilizer is dripped. Because the amount of water dripped each time is limited, after the surface water evaporates, the fertilizer concentration in the soil becomes higher and higher, and finally the root system is burned. Water and fertilizer integration should be 15 minutes before the fertilizer is dropped, and 30 minutes after the fertilizer is dropped.

8. Organic fertilizer equals organic matter

Organic fertilizer and organic matter are two different concepts, and many people equate them. Organic fertilizer refers to carbon-containing materials that are mainly derived from plants and / or animals and are applied to the soil to provide plant nutrition as its main function. Organic matter refers to organic matter containing vital functions.

Soil organic matter (humus) refers to the material derived from life in the soil. Including: soil microorganisms and soil animals and their secretions, as well as plant residues and plant secretions in the soil. Regulating soil permeability, buffering performance, increasing beneficial microorganisms, and improving the utilization of fertilizers are all soil organic matter at work. The purpose of applying organic fertilizer is to increase soil organic matter. And many fruit farmers value the nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in organic fertilizers, and ignore the most useful organic matter. Organic materials in organic fertilizers need to undergo biotransformation before they can become humus. There is a problem with the humification coefficient. There are many organic fertilizers, and the labeled organic matter content is very high, but the humus that can be converted is very small. Therefore, not only the organic matter content, but also the humification coefficient should be considered when selecting organic fertilizer.

9. Simple composting of fresh chicken or pig manure is considered to be rotten.

Fresh chicken manure or pig manure contains more nitrogen, phosphorus and other components and is cheap. There are several issues to pay attention to when applying:

First, the ammonia and putrescine (odor) contained in the grape leaves and roots are very harmful.

Second, it will bring in many germs and nematodes.

Third, heavy metal pollution. Third, the salt content of the soil is increased, and the salt content of many dried chicken dung is more than 10%, and the long-term application causes soil salinization.

Fourthly, it causes excessive nitrogen fertilizer and makes the elements unbalanced. Fresh chicken manure or pig manure is simply composted. Throughout the process, harmful bacteria and nematodes have not been reduced, some nitrogen fertilizers (ammonia and putrescine) have been lost, and the environment has been affected. The application of this fertilizer to the soil can easily cause severe root burning or root rot.

Fresh chicken manure or pig manure needs to be stuffed with organic materials such as wet straw. After high temperature fermentation, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. in chicken manure or pig manure and cellulose in straw are used by microorganisms and transformed into The harmful forms are more easily absorbed and used by grapes, and the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium will be more balanced. And in the high temperature fermentation process, harmful bacteria and nematodes are killed in large quantities, which is safer for grapes and makes the soil healthier. Chicken manure or pig manure that has been rotten and fermented at high temperature does not smell odorous, with white hyphae distributed, and no rotten chicken manure or pig manure.

10. For soils with severe acidification, continue to apply physiological acid fertilizers.

The pH of the soil affects the absorption of mineral elements by the grapes. At the same time, the pH of the soil is closely related to the activity of microorganisms and population distribution, which also has a great impact on the growth and development of grapes. Under acidic conditions, soil organic matter is decomposed, and the buffering capacity of the soil is reduced, resulting in soil compaction, poor water permeability and air permeability, and severely affecting crop growth and development. Acidic soil breeds fungi, root rot and root-knot nematodes. Generally, in old orchards, soil acidification is caused by continuous application of sulfur-based or chlorine-based fertilizers for many years. If the soil has been acidified, it is not appropriate to apply these physiological acid fertilizers, and they should be adjusted with physiological alkaline fertilizers.

11. Excessive application of phosphate fertilizer affects the absorption of calcium and some trace elements.

Excessive phosphorus will affect the absorption of zinc, iron, boron and manganese. Excessive phosphorus will solidify ionic calcium and magnesium and reduce absorption. The absorption of calcium and magnesium by grapes is much greater than that of phosphorus.

Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If you have third party legal rights, please inform this website to deal with them. phone

3 Zones Sauna blanket

sauna blanket

Guangzhou Fuerle Health Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.fuerlehealth.com