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Forest container breeding new method
Tree container nursery is a new method of seedling raising in recent years. It has the characteristics of short nursery time, neat and robust seedlings, no injury to roots, convenient transportation, high survival rate of afforestation, and effective time for afforestation. It is widely used in many countries. The technical highlights are summarized below. 1. Selection of seedlings Container seedlings are mostly grown in greenhouses or plastic greenhouses. Because in this environment, seedlings can artificially control temperature and humidity, and create the best growth conditions for seedlings, so that seedlings grow faster and shorten the time of nursery. If container nursery is conducted in the wild, it is necessary to choose a semi-sunny or semi-shady slope with flat terrain, well-drained, well-ventilated, and well-lit conditions. Avoid the low-lying land, tuyere, and dark corner where easy water is trapped. 2. Preparation of Nursery Containers Select the appropriate nursery containers based on the tree species, seedling cycle, seedling size, and other requirements. At present, China often uses plastic container cups. For small seeds such as eucalyptus, plastic container cups with a diameter of 2 to 3 cm and a height of 9 to 14 cm can be used, and large-grained seeds can be used for slightly larger cups. 3. Different culture mediums have different biological characteristics and culture medium. However, all culture media must be breathable, have good water retention properties, high fertility, light texture, free of weed seeds and pests and diseases. In Southern China, seedlings such as Pinus massoniana, Pinus elliottii, Loblolly pine, and eucalyptus are cultivated, and most of the culture medium uses 40% to 60% of Huangxintu, 10% to 20% of mycorrhizal soil, and 10% to 20% of pyrophyllous ash or gluten. Gray, 10% of decomposed organic fertilizer, 3% to 5% of superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer formulated. To prevent pests and diseases in seedlings, the medium should be disinfected. The method is: using 65% zeocin WP wet 50 to 70 grams evenly mixed in 1 cubic meters of culture soil, and then cover with plastic film for 3 to 4 days, and finally remove the film, after 1 week, the drug gas will be volatile be usable. Can also be used formalin, ferrous sulfate (black wolfberry) and other agents sterilization. 4. Seedlings (1) Bagging The culture medium is placed in a plastic cup. Culture soil bags up to 90% to 95% of bag capacity. (2) Seeding must use good seeds that meet the national standard ii level or above. Before sowing, soak seeding, germination and disinfection of the seeds. The method is the same as conventional seedlings. Each container sowing 2 to 3 seeds, after sowing, covering the soil, depending on the size of the seeds, depending on the seed size, generally 1 to 3 times the diameter of the seed, the cover soil to not see the seed as degree. (3) Water immediately after sowing and soaking. For the seed particles, the seed water must be poured first before planting and covering the soil. Finally, a small amount of water should be used to moisten the seeds with a fine mouthful to prevent the seeds from being washed out. Emergence and seedling period to a small amount of ground water to keep the medium moist; fast-growing period to a small number of times, so that the alternating wet and dry culture; late growth to control watering; to stop watering before leaving the nursery. (4) The key to controlling the temperature and humidity of container nursery is whether it can effectively control the temperature and humidity. If the temperature is too high or too low, the seedlings will be burned and the growth potential will be poor. If the humidity is not appropriate, it will cause root anoxia and lead to moldy, rot or wilting and death. The optimum greenhouse temperature for optimum seedling growth is 18-28°C, and the optimal relative humidity for air is 80%-95%. The soil moisture should be maintained at about 80% of the field water capacity. The methods of controlling the temperature include shade nets, water spray, ventilation, and heating inside the booth. Methods for controlling humidity include watering and ventilation. (5) Fertilizer Different fertilizers should be applied at different developmental stages. In the fast-growing period, nitrogen-based fertilizers are mainly used to promote the rapid growth of seedlings. Potassium fertilizer is applied in the late stage of fast growth to promote the lignification of seedlings. Fertilizer can only be applied liquid fertilizer, the concentration of 200 to 300 times liquid, can not dry. Immediately flush the leaves with water after fertilization. According to needs, 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or urea solution can be sprayed on the leaves. (6) Seedlings of seedlings emerged for about 10 days. Only one seedling was kept in each container, except for excess seedlings. (7) Prevention and control of pests and diseases Container seedlings are prone to gray mold, pine and fir seedlings are also prone to damping-off. Control methods: timely ventilation, appropriate reduction of air humidity, use of thiophanate-methyl, thibetam, chlorothalonil, carbendazim, etc. for prevention and treatment. Seedling blight of pine and fir seedlings can be treated with enemy pine seed dressing.