High-efficiency cultivation techniques for long-season loofah in greenhouse

Huzhou City is located in the north of Zhejiang Province, on the south bank of Taihu Lake. During the late spring to early autumn, the temperature is high and the humidity is very high. It is very suitable for planting loofah. The loofah has a green color, is delicious, refreshing and not greasy, and is rich in nutrients. It is a favorite summer and autumn season for urban and rural residents. After entering the 21st century, with the wide application of standard steel pipe greenhouses, the cultivation area of ​​long-season loofah in Huzhou City has been rapidly expanded. The harvesting period lasts from 190 days to mid-November for 190 days, and the yield and income per 667m2 are more than that of open field cultivation. Two times. The technology is now compiled and summarized to attract the majority of vegetable farmers.

1 technical advantages and characteristics

1.1 Early planting time, long picking time, high yield and good efficiency

According to the observation of 3 years, the long-season cultivation of greenhouse loofah is planted in early February, planted in early March, and the first batch of loofah is picked in early May, until the end of mid-November. The whole process can pick 10-11 batches of melon, yielding 667m2 of loofah. More than 12,500kg, the output value is about 25,000 yuan, and the income is about 20,000 yuan.

1.2 Use greenhouse facilities according to different seasons

When planting in early March, it is in the low temperature season. It is covered with two layers of plastic film in the greenhouse and small arch shed to cover the warming and slowing seedlings. Entering the summer and autumn high temperature and thunderstorm shower season, the top film is retained, the surrounding skirt film is removed, and the rain-proof cultivation is carried out, and the surrounding air is cooled and dehumidified to control the occurrence of diseases. In the late autumn, the low temperature is coming, and the surrounding skirt is re-enclosed, and the cultivation is carried out to extend the picking period.

1.3 timely adjustment of plant type, simultaneous irrigation and fertilization

The greenhouse loofah should adjust the plant type in time during the whole production period, and simultaneously fertilize and fertilize. According to the cultivation records, after the average daily temperature reaches 18 °C, the growth speed of the loofah stems is obviously accelerated. In order to control the growth of the stems, artificial pruning and falling vines should be carried out. At the same time, we should make full use of the characteristics of the main side of the loofah, which can be used to make melons and need a large amount of fertilizer. After each batch of melons, it is necessary to change the head, the whole branch, the first vine, the first water, and the water. 1 time fat.

2 production composition

2.1 Planting density

2000-2200 strains of loofah are planted in standard greenhouses of 667m2.

2.2 Picking batches

The first batch of loofah was picked in early May, and the harvest was completed in mid-November. A total of 10-11 batches were harvested during the whole growth period.

2.3 Average single melon quality and each batch of output

The average number of melons and melons per batch is about 2, the first 1-2 batches in early spring and the 9th to 11th batches in late autumn. The average quality of single melon is about 300g, and about 1200kg of loofah is collected per batch of 667m2; the third is from late spring to early autumn. - 8 batches, the average single melon quality is about 350g, about 1400kg per batch of 667m2.

3 main cultivation techniques

3.1 variety selection

According to the consumer market, the choice of loofah varieties, Huzhou City generally choose the ordinary loofah variety Green Prince or three to two. The green prince is about 50cm long, and the third to the second is 30-40cm. If the melon is too long, it is easy to touch the noodles and affect the quality. Prepare 2,500 seeds per 667 m2 greenhouse.

3.2 soaking seeds and germination

The loofah seed coat is thick, and it needs to be soaked for 10-12 hours in winter. After soaking seeds, it is placed in the germination box to promote germination, and the temperature is controlled at 30-32 °C. After germination for 24-30 hours, the white seeds were manually selected and stored at room temperature around 20 °C. Continue to germination of the unwhitened seeds, and sown together after the seeds are all white.

3.3 two sheds, insulation seedlings

In the early spring, the temperature and the ground temperature are low. It is necessary to warm the seedlings in the steel pipe shed with electric heating lines, and the shed or small arch shed is needed in the greenhouse. Seedbed width

1.2m, length 10.0m, placed a 1000W heating line. The seedlings were incubated with plastics of 10 cm 10 cm size, and one seed of white has been sown each time. Keep the seedbed temperature 25-30 °C, 36-48h cotyledon can be unearthed smoothly, at this time to strengthen inspection, promptly remove the "cap" shell. After the leaves of the seedlings are fully unfolded, the temperature of the seedbed is lowered, keeping 22-25 °C during the day and 15 °C at night. 3 days before planting, further reduce the seedbed temperature and refine the seedlings to prepare for colonization.

3.4 Farmland for hoe and base fertilizer application

15-20 days before planting, the soil in the greenhouse is turned 20cm deep. After the leveling is completed, the ditch is concentrated and the fully fertilized livestock and poultry fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer. The dosage is 3,000-3500kg per 667m2, and the urea is 10kg.8m wide steel pipe shed for 4畦. The width of the kneading surface is 1.0m, the width of the bottom is 1.2m, the width of the bottom is 50cm, and the height is 30cm. To facilitate the operation of the farming, the edge of the two sides should be widened to about 85cm. Place a drip tape in the middle of each bowl. In order to control the grass damage, after the planting 畦 is done, the 畦 surface covers the black mulch. Then seal the greenhouse film to shack, raise the soil temperature, and wait for planting.

3.5 colonization method

Planted in early March, each row of 2 rows, staggered row planting, each row 10cm away from the edge, naturally forming the same row spacing 80cm, adjacent two rows of 90cm wide and narrow rows planting, plant spacing 35cm, per 667m2 greenhouse planted 2000- 2200 strains.

3.6 scaffolding and hanging vines

When the vine grows to a height of 30cm, the small arch shed is removed, and the bamboo raft is used as the column with a spacing of 4m. The 10th wire is used as the horizontal wire, and each wire is pulled longitudinally by 2 wires to form a flat frame 1.6m high from the raft surface. Use a plastic rope as a hanging wire to promptly hang the vines.

3.7 Harvesting field management

1 artificial pollination in the early spring season, the temperature is low, the pollination insects in the greenhouse are less, and the activity ability is weak. When the first to the second batch of melons are flowering and melon, the artificially assisted pollination is required from 7:00 to 9:00 to ensure the uniformity and yield of the melons. high.

2 For the first batch of melon main vines, when the main vine grows to 1.6m high and the horizontal wire is flat, remove the growth point of the main vine, and change the head to control the growth of the main vine too fast.

3 After each change of the pruning, keep one healthy side vine at the top, let it grow into the result vine, and the other side vines should be removed early, and the tendrils and excess male flowers should be removed to reduce nutrient consumption.

4 After the harvesting of each batch of melons, the vines will fall in time, and only the yellow leaves or diseased leaves that have lost their growth function will be removed, and all the leaves with growth function will be preserved, and the stems will be coiled clockwise on the surface.

3.8 irrigation and topdressing

Loofah is one of the most moisture-tolerant vegetable crops. During the growth period, every time you harvest 1 batch of melon, you should catch 1 time of fertilizer and 1 time of water. Generally, fertilization and irrigation are carried out simultaneously, and each 667 m2 is applied with a high concentration of water-soluble ternary compound fertilizer 3-5 kg ​​per drip irrigation.

3.9 Pest Control

The main diseases are gray mold and viral diseases. In the early stage, it is mainly gray mold disease, which can be controlled by spraying 40% Shijiale (methylpyrazine) suspension agent 800-1000 times liquid or 50% procymidone WP 1500 times. In the middle and late period, it is mainly a viral disease, which can be controlled by spraying 2% of the bacteria syrup water 200-250 times liquid or 20% virus A WP 500 times. The main pests are melon, yellow squash, black squash, locust and whitefly. The melon can be controlled by spraying 24% hydrazine (methicillin hydrazide) 1000-1500 times solution or 15% ampoules (mite worm) suspension agent 3500-4000 times. Huang Shou melon and black squash can be controlled by spraying 4.5% cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times solution and 40% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times. Aphids and whitefly can be controlled by spraying with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times. In the summer and autumn high temperature period, it is especially important to hang a yellow plate in the greenhouse to trap aphids and whitefly, and control the occurrence of viral diseases.

3.10 timely harvest

From flowering pollination to tender melon harvesting, early spring and late autumn is about 15 days, summer and autumn high temperature is 7-10 days, tender melon should be picked in time to ensure the quality of the goods and the quality of food, and at the same time help to increase production.

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