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Jinshui Silky Chicken Breeding Technology
In just a few years, the Hubei Provincial Poultry Research and Development Center aimed at the 21st century world black food market and took the lead in scientifically cultivating and breeding a new breed of medicinal black-bone chicken, the Jinshui black-bone chicken, and formed an industrialized production to fill our country and World Wuji specializes in breeding and modern production. Jinshui Wuji, with its superior survival rate, fast growth rate, strong disease resistance, ten complete characteristics, and high return on investment, has attracted the nation's farmers and formed a new industry with black food production as the starting point. 1. Feeding management during brooding Jinshui Wuji has good adaptability and strong disease resistance, but it still needs to pay attention to the brooding work before 30 days. 1.1 Feeding methods; three levels of thick litter on the ground, free-floating, and cage culture. Thick padding is the most commonly used method in the poultry industry at home and abroad. Small wood shavings, sawdust, coarse shells, and rapeseed shells are commonly used as litter. Many types of mixed use are better. Laying 5–10 on the ground Centimeters thick, require leveling, often stir litter, to prevent chicken litter on the litter surface; damper around the waterer, drum should be replaced frequently. 1.2 Preparation before brooding: The chicks are to be ready for all work 1-2 days before entering the brooding room. The purchase of feeds and commonly used drugs, the cleaning and disinfection of warming equipment, drinking fountains, food plates, drums, tools, etc. After cleaning in the brooding room, 30 ml/m3 of formalin solution was added and 15 g of potassium permanganate was added for fumigation. When fumigation, doors and windows should be closed, fumigation not less than 12 hours, and then open the doors and windows, after the formalin odor disappears, the brooding room can be warmed into the young. 1.3 brooding temperature: temperature control, see the chicken Shi Wen is the key to the success or failure of brooding. The average weight of hatched chicks is only about 27.5 g. The body is delicate and delicate, the villi is thin, the nerve development is not complete, and the ability to adjust the body temperature is poor. The temperature of the stove heater, the temperature of the coal stove or the infrared lamp insulation method can be used. To raise the temperature in the coal stove, the waste gas should be discharged outside the pipeline. The temperature in the first week of the insulation center is required to be 33-35°C. The active feeding place requires 30°C, the room temperature requires 28°C, and the weekly 2°C decrease from the 2nd week, and the descending to 18-20°C can be needed. The winter brooding needs 50-60 days. The temperature measuring thermometer shall be placed at a distance of 1 to 1.2 meters from the center of the heat source and 12 centimeters away from the floor mat. The temperature is appropriate, the chicks are spirited, the two wings are close together, the activity is agile, the rest is peaceful, the sleeping state is natural, and the distribution is even. If the temperature is too low, the chicks are crowded at the heat source, the feathers are loose, the body trembles, and a squeaking squeak occurs. If the temperature is too high, the chick is kept away from heat, opens his mouth to breathe, opens his wings and frequently drinks water. Adjust the temperature in time. 1.4 Humidity regulation: The humidity requirement of the brood chamber is 60-70% in the first week and 55-60% in the future. Because Jinshui Wuji is afraid of dampness, chickens are prone to outbreaks of coccidiosis in wet places. They should be changed frequently and should not be wet by drinking water. 1.5 to enhance ventilation: 1-2 weeks of age to the main insulation, but should pay attention to ventilation, ventilation should be mainly after 3 weeks of age. But we must pay attention to keep warm, when the ventilation is poor, the indoor ammonia concentration exceeds 20PPm for a long time, the chicks grow poorly, the eye conjunctiva is caused by inflammation or even blindness, but also cause respiratory diseases. 1.6 Strengthen the light: sunlight and light can increase the chicks' viability, stimulate the intake of food, and also prevent the soft foot disease. This can also make the chickens quiet and conducive to weight gain. The first 3 days, using strong light. Later, use low-light irradiation to ensure that the chickens can see feeding and drinking water. Generally, a 15 watt light bulb can be used for every 20 square meters. 1.7 Using a reasonable density: Jinshui Wuji grows faster than other black-bone chickens but slower than other breeds of chickens. The suitable density is 60 per square meter from 1 to 10 days of age and 40 from 11 to 26 days of age. Later, with the increase of age, gradually increase the activity area. 1.8 Reasonable Feeding: In the early stage, full-priced granular chicken material should be used, feeding 5-6 times a day, and feeding less and more. In the first week, every 50 chicks are served with an open food dish, and then every 50 chicks use a material bucket. Feeding materials should be basically finished every day, leaving no residue. 1.9 free drinking water: brooding period can not be cut off, the best cold water before 3 days of age, a total of 80 to 100 chicks a drinking fountain, it is best to use automatic drinking system to ensure the clean drinking water. 1.10 Do a good job in hygiene and epidemic prevention and control: Cage brooding should pay attention to the hygiene of the food dish, clean it once a day, wipe it off with a damp rag dampened with disinfectant solution, and formulate and implement a reasonable immunization program, drug control program, and attention. Good chicks and white cockroaches and coccidia prevention work. 1.11 Management characteristics of chickens: Jinshui black chickens are small and timid, and they are particularly sensitive to stress. For example, a sudden power failure, catching, accidental noises, and dissimilar colors can cause chicks to panic and crowd and die. In the management, we must be especially careful that Jinshui Wuji is slow in action, and it lacks the counterattack ability against the beasts such as cats and rats. We must pay attention to the crimes. 2 Breeding and rearing of broilers Feeding broilers Defrosting until sales are called broiler chickens, which can be put on the market around 90 days of age. 2.1 Do a good job in transition: chicks will enter the gestation period at the age of 8 weeks. When the chicks become accustomed to natural temperatures, stop warming. When shifting groups, care should be taken to avoid brute behavior. According to the male and female parents, strong and weak groups, the rearing density should be about 12 per square meter, and two to three days before and after the group shift, feeding some vitamins and antibiotics in the feed. Anticoccidial drugs are added to prevent stress and coccidiosis in swarms. 2.2 Daily feeding and management: The growth period is a period of particularly vigorous growth. Keep the chicken house dry and ventilated to prevent the density from being too high, the material level and the water level being too low. Sufficient fresh, high-quality feed is provided and less feed is added to stimulate the appetite of the flock. In the breeding stage, we must do a good job of epidemic prevention. 3 Formulation of feeds Chickens consume 10-20 g/day of feed per bird at 1 month of age, and feed chickens on average from 50 to 60 grams of feed each day from broiler to sale, and they need to feed high-efficiency, full-priced feed. The full-price pellet chicken material should be used before 10 days of age. The broodstock material generally requires 3.0-3.1 Mcal/kg of metabolic energy per kilogram of feed, crude protein content of 20-21%, and crude fiber content of not more than 3%. The dietary level after age should reach 2.9-3.0 Mcal/kg, crude protein is about 18%. In the case of better market conditions in Wuji, the use of full-priced pellet feed is convenient and feasible. However, when the black chicken market is poor, it should be better ingredients. Compared with the full-price pellets, the feed cost per ton of self-provisioned full-priced material can save 200-300 yuan, and the effect is not bad. Use 1% or 6% premix to prepare full-price feed to ensure adequate nutrition and balance. It is recommended that more than 10,000 farmers have better mixing equipment, and 1% of the premix can be used. For 10,000 or less farmers, the 6% premix should be used, and the mixture can be blended with wolfberry, which is safe and convenient. The use of 1% premix should pay special attention to the quality of fishmeal and dicalcium phosphate, in particular, the content of fluorine in the dicalcium phosphate cannot exceed the standard (the national standard calcium phosphate in the fluorine content should be: fluorine ≤ 0.1%). (Hubei Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shen Jie 430209) Source: Hubei Poultry Information Network