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Key Technologies to Improve Yield of Autumn Potatoes
Potato potato cultivation in autumn is in the cold season. The seedlings are not easily degraded. In the past, they were mostly used for seed cultivation. They have now been expanded and become an important crop in the first season. The autumn potato has a short growth period and strong adaptability. It can fully utilize the autumn light and heat resources and increase income. It can be planted either in Pingba Hills or in low and middle mountain areas in Sichuan Province. The general mu harvesting potato 1000 ~ 1500 kilograms, economic income 500 ~ 800 yuan, the economic efficiency is better, the key technical measures are: First, use a good seed: autumn potato must use strong resistance to drought, drought-resistant high temperature, potato, tuber Rapid expansion, high yield, good merchandise, especially light-insensitive, short dormancy period. The seeds should be smooth, lighter, 30-50 grams of small healthy potato. Store in a cool, ventilated place. The cuts must be cut and then cooled for 3 to 5 days before they are planted to ensure that the seedlings are neat and tidy in autumn. Second, timely sowing: potato is afraid of high temperature, early sowing is easy to produce toxins, is not conducive to the whole seedling; too late sowing late growth is vulnerable to frost hazards, yield is not high. In view of the climatic conditions of the potato, it is generally good that the sowing date is stable below the daily temperature of 25°C. According to the meteorological data of many years, the Pingba area of ​​our province is about mid-September, before and after the “White Dewâ€, and the low mountains are before and after the “Shushuâ€. Third, with the bud under the species: potatoes generally have two or three months of dormancy, according to different regions to determine seed treatment methods. In the Pingba area, the spring potato for self-retained potatoes was used as a seed for autumn potatoes. It had passed a dormancy period when sowing, and most of them had germinated and should be planted with whole potatoes. In the areas above the Mid-Levels, where self-retaining spring potatoes are used as autumn potato plants, they do not go through the dormancy period and are sown directly. They are not easy to germinate. Germination treatment must be carried out before sowing to break the dormancy period in order to promote early seedling excavation, strong growth, and robustness. The spring potato can be transferred from the Pingba area for seeding, and it can also receive the effect of increased seedling emergence and early potato growth. The germination method has the following two kinds: 1. Natural germination method: Select cool and cool place, cut the potatoes into small pieces (each one guarantees 1-3 buds), and then use cold water to wash and cool Afterwards, in the room, we used a layer of moist sandy soil to layer and accumulate germination. Three or four layers were piled up on the surface. The straw was kept on the surface to keep the water and the temperature was maintained at about 20°C. When the bud grows to 1 to 1.5 centimeters, take it out and put it in the cool outdoor place for 1 to 3 days to sow. 2, gibberellin germination method: with 5 ~ 8ppm gibberellin soaked for 0.5 ~ 1 hour, remove and then buried in the wet sand bed germination. The sand bed should be set in a cool and well-ventilated place, with 10 cm of wet sand, a layer of seed potato sand, and 3 to 4 layers. After 10 to 15 days, the buds grow to 2 cm and they can be sowed. In the germination process should adhere to the "five should five not appropriate", that potato should not be large, should not be small, the number of layers should not be more, soil (sand) should not dry should be wet, hardening time should not be too long, buds should not be short long. Fourth, reasonable dense planting: autumn potato general acres planted 5000 ~ 5500 points, acres with 140 ~ 160 kg, narrow line wide line, row spacing is 5025 cm. Sowing is best done on a cloudy day and sunny days should be avoided when sowing. When the seedling height is about 15 centimeters, soil is cultivated to increase soil permeability, which is beneficial to high yield. Fifth, Shizujifei: autumn potato growth period is short, to apply sufficient basic fertilizer, general Mushi compost pig fat about 1500 kg, 30-50 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 150-200 kg of plant ash, or 45% of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 50 kg, Or special compound fertilizer 50 kilograms, cover the soil after the application of ditch, pay attention to seed fertilizer isolation. Six, field management: 1 timely cultivator weeding, seedlings to see seedlings; due to short autumn sunshine, suitable for tuber growth, early tuber plants, not easy to grow, so management should be promoted based. When the potato emergence 60-70%, 2.5-3 kilograms of urea per mu, 1600-2000 kilograms of water-fertilizer, when raising to 30-40cm, 500 kilograms of plant ash, 40-50 kilograms of human and animal urine, Mixing acupuncture points and planting earth to promote premature growth and rapid growth. (2) Focus on the drainage of the fields and drainage of the ditch; continue watering after sowing, and keep the ridge moist until it emerges. In the later period, the temperature should be reduced, irrigation should be reduced, drainage should be cleared, drainage ditch should be drained, and the earth should be gradually thickened to prevent cold and protect tubers. 3 timely removal of diseased plants and weeds in the field; 4 Effective management of late blight and aphids. The most effective agent for the prevention and treatment of late blight is 25% 600mg of thiram Mn-Zn, or 72% of Kelu 700-800 times spray; effective drugs for controlling aphids should be 2000-3000 times liquid spray.