"Hand palm", "fan-like", "duck mouth"... In the market, people often see some strawberries appear "deformed". The appearance is ugly, the taste is poor, and consumers are generally reluctant to buy. If there are a large number of deformities, it will not only affect transportation, but also affect its commodity value and storage value. For strawberry producers, while pursuing high yields, it is important to prevent strawberry malformation and increase the commercial value of the fruit. "Deformed fruit", cause The main causes of strawberry malformation are variety selection, flowering temperature, light and flowering application. Variety selection (1) Some strawberry varieties are defective, the stamens are short, the pistils are long, or the stamens are less pollen, or the number of mature pollen is small, resulting in poor pollination and formation of deformed fruit. (2) The strawberry seedlings produced by high temperature in the greenhouse have a particularly high parasitic rate, especially the virus accumulates in the plants, and the variety is seriously degraded, resulting in a significant increase in the rate of deformed fruit, and a significant decrease in resistance and yield. 2. Low temperature barrier From December to February of the next year, it is both a low temperature period and a strawberry flowering and fruiting period in the protected area. The low temperature during this period will affect the strawberry flowering pollination, resulting in a large number of deformed fruit. (1) During the flowering period, it was subjected to a low temperature of 2 ° C for 1 hour, and the pistil became black. (2) The fruit within 1 week after flowering was subjected to a low temperature of 2 ° C for 3 hours or a low temperature of 5 ° C for 1 hour, and the fruit turned black, forming no effect. (3) Within 4 to 8 days before flowering, the medium-sized flower buds were subjected to a low temperature of 2 ° C for 1 hour, and the pollen germination was blocked. (4) Low temperature causes bee activity to decrease, affecting pollination. The optimal activity temperature of bees is 15~25°C. If the temperature in the shed is lower than 10°C for a long time, the bees will reduce their activity or stop the nest, which will result in poor pollination of strawberries in the shed and produce deformed fruit. 3. High temperature Strawberry is more resistant to high temperature. When the temperature in the shed exceeds 40 °C or covers the black mulch film, the temperature is too high, which may cause malformation of the malformed fruit. The high temperature is above 35 degrees, the relative humidity is 100%, and a large amount of water droplets appear in the shed. Caused difficulties in pollination, 4. Humidity (1) The optimal air humidity for strawberry anther cracking is 20%, pollen germination is 40%, and too high or too low humidity will reduce the germination rate of pollen. (2) If the old film with poor dripping or the poor quality shed film is used, the dripping water on the shed film will wash the stigma of the flower, which will directly affect the pollination and fertilization. 5. Lighting Strawberry light, strawberry in the greenhouse before flowering for about 2 weeks, if the light is insufficient, resulting in poor pollen development, affecting strawberry pollination and fertilization and fruit development, resulting in deformed fruit. 6. Reasons for flower level The flower of strawberry is dichotomous. In general, the lower secondary flower of strawberry is prone to stamen dysplasia, but as long as there is good pollen pollination, it can develop normally, and the higher secondary flower is prone to pistil dysplasia, which cannot be fruit or fruit. 7. Improper spraying Spraying during flowering is easy to cause abnormal fruit, especially the flowers that open on the day. Strawberry in the greenhouse If the pesticide is abused during the flowering period, the syrup washes the stigma, or the dosage is too large, which not only directly hinders the pollination and fertilization, but also kills the bee and the flower flies to visit the insects, resulting in an increase in deformed fruit. 8. Excessive nitrogen or boron deficiency The growth point of excessive nitrogen or boron deficiency is not normal, the flower buds become flat and flat, the growth of the receptacle is deformed, and the deformed fruit is formed after fertilization. 9. Visiting flower insects Strawberry pollinating insects mainly include bees, flower flies, flower buds, etc. Bees are the most important flower visiting insects of strawberries. Strawberry in the greenhouse is generally in the flowering period in February, and flower flies appear naturally, and bees naturally appear in the flowering period in March. Therefore, in the greenhouse, the number of insects such as bees and flower flies can be increased, the pollination rate and pollination quality can be increased, and the occurrence of strawberry malformation rate can be reduced. Control measures Variety (1) According to the local planting conditions, the varieties with a large amount of pollen can be selected, such as St. Andreiqi, Xingxiang, etc., for pollination varieties, mixed with the main planting varieties to improve the pollination rate. (2) Using detoxification production seedlings, production is recommended to use detoxification 2 or 3 generation seedlings as production seedlings. 2. Place a beehive in the shed to increase the rate of pollination and fertilization The strawberry cultivated in the protected area has an early flowering period and few pollinators. The beehive can be placed in the protected area. The temperature range of the activity is generally 15-30 °C. 3. Strict control of temperature and humidity (1) The strawberry flowering period should strictly control the temperature and humidity in the shed. The temperature should be controlled at 20-28 °C, the humidity should be controlled at 70%-80%, and the wind should be released in time to reduce temperature and humidity. (2) The use of a drop-free film prevents the effect of water droplets on pollination. (3) Straw or other absorbents such as straw are covered in the rainy gutter. (4) In the early days of rain and snow, when the shed temperature is low, use a stove, a fire plate, a high-power lamp to warm up. (5) Drip irrigation replaces flood irrigation, and the flowering period without drip irrigation conditions is generally not required to be watered as long as the surface is not dry. 4. Scientific flower thinning Removal of high-grade secondary flowers that are prone to infertile female flowers during flowering can significantly reduce the rate of strawberry malformation. 5. Reduce the number of medications (1) The pest control of strawberry in the greenhouse uses comprehensive measures for agricultural control, such as planting virus-free seedlings, applying high-quality base fertilizer, using high-ridge planting, covering the plastic film, and removing old leaves, yellow leaves, diseased leaves and diseased plants in time. Weeds, do a good job in garden hygiene, and disinfect sunlight and soil to reduce the number of medications. (2) If the occurrence of pests and diseases is indeed serious, it should be avoided during the flowering period, and the medicine should be used before or after flowering to ensure the fertilization rate of strawberries and reduce the occurrence of deformed fruit. 6. Artificial assisted pollination During the flowering period of strawberry, artificial pollination by artificial breeze (or fan) can also receive good results at the peak of anther cracking at 11-12 noon. 7. Rational fertilization For strawberry planting, apply more organic fertilizer, do not apply nitrogen fertilizer, pay attention to the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and properly supplement boron fertilizer. Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. 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