The benefits of straw returning to the field and several problems that should be noted

Straw returning is a method of applying straw (wheat straw, corn stover, rice straw, etc.) which is not suitable for direct feeding to the soil directly or after being fermented and then applied to the soil. The process of agricultural production is also a process of energy conversion. Crops need to continuously consume energy during the growth process, and they need to constantly replenish energy to continuously adjust the water, fertilizer, gas and heat content of the soil. The straw contains a large amount of fresh organic materials, which can be converted into organic matter and quick-acting nutrients after being returned to the farmland after a period of decomposing. It not only improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil, but also supplies certain nutrients such as potassium. Straw returning can promote agricultural water saving, cost saving, increase production and increase efficiency, and should also be fully paid attention to in environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development.

(1) Straw returning is generally used as base fertilizer. Because of the slow release of nutrients, late season crops cannot be absorbed.

(2) The amount of straw returned to the field should be moderate. Generally, the amount of straw returned to the field is 150-250 kg per mu. It should be combined with the corresponding tillage measures and the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer.

(3) Straw application should be uniform. If it is uneven, it is difficult to plow the soil into the soil, making the surface uneven and easy to cause crop growth and uneven emergence.

(4) Appropriate amount of fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer to adjust the appropriate carbon-nitrogen ratio. Generally, grass crops contain higher cellulose, which is 30% to 40%. After returning to the field, the carbon content in the soil will increase sharply, generally about 1 time. Because the growth of microorganisms is based on carbon as energy and nitrogen as nutrient, and the decomposition ratio of organic matter to microorganisms is 25:1, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen of most straws is as high as 75:1, so that when straw is decomposed Due to the imbalance of carbon and nitrogen, microorganisms must absorb nitrogen from the soil to make up for the shortage, which also causes the phenomenon of nitrogen competition with crops. Therefore, it is especially important to increase the application of nitrogen fertilizer when the straw is returned to the field. Rapid decomposing and ensuring the dual effects of strong seedling growth.