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The Status and Development Direction of Microbial Fertilizer in China
I. Development of Microbial Fertilizers in China History Microbial fertilizers have been produced and applied in China for decades and have experienced several development processes. The "Great Leap Forward" in the production of microbial fertilizers in the late 1950s is still fresh in people's memory. At that time, an article stated that “At present, almost every county in the country has a fungus factory, and many people’s communes have also broken their superstition, mastered the production technology of bacterial fertilizers and established a fungus fertilizer factory. For example, there are more than 4,000 in Henan. In addition, many institutions, school factories, and military units have also established a fungus fertilizer plant to support agricultural production. During this period, microbial fertilizer production only required production and did not know quality. The duration is very short; in the late 1960s and early 1970s, microbial fertilizer production resumed in many parts of the country, and most of them were fermented. Compared with the “Great Leap Forward†period, the quality has improved, but later in many places furnace ash was used instead of peat as an adsorbent, and the quality of the product was very low. Farmers were reluctant to use it. The two stages of microbial fertilizer production have one thing in common - the product does not have strict quality supervision and management. Although agricultural production practices have long proved that microbial fertilizers are an effective fertilizer, due to the lack of attention to product quality management in the past, the production and application of microbial fertilizers in China have been declining since the decline in product quality. From the early 1980s to the present, the production and application of microbial fertilizers in China have shown an upward trend because of their significant increase in production, improvement of quality, and special effects on environmental protection. At present, new companies are still putting into production and new products are emerging. Foreign microbiological fertilizer production technologies and products have also begun to enter the Chinese market. The production of microbiological fertilizers in China has entered a new period of development. Second, the main problems existing in China's microbial fertilizer 1, microbial fertilizer production enterprises too fast, according to statistics, there are currently more than 300, but most of them are small-scale enterprises, workshop production, equipment technology behind, the quality of workers is not high , so the product quality is not high. 2. There are many kinds of microbial fertilizers, most of which are traditional nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and potassium-releasing bacteria, and some even use yeast, which lacks new and efficient products. 3. A small number of enterprises have expanded the effect of their use of publicity, used improper means of business, and even produced fake and shoddy products, causing losses to farmers and reducing the reputation of microbial fertilizers. 4. The management is not standardized. Although the state has implemented a registration certificate management system, it has not managed enough. Many unregistered companies or products or even fake products are still propaganda, production and sales. 5. The correct publicity and guidance of microbial fertilizers is not enough. The benefits and effects have not yet been accepted by the majority of farmers. The share of biological fertilizers in fertilizers in the country is still small. 6, basic research and applied research of microbial fertilizer itself is not enough, some mechanism of action is still not clear, the impact on soil and crops remains to be studied. Third, the development prospects of China's microbial fertilizer 1, to promote the use of microbial fertilizers, starting from the development of sustainable agriculture, organic agriculture, ecological agriculture, starting from the reduction of burden on farmers to reduce production costs, the application of microbial fertilizer has broad prospects, has a huge potential market. This year, Beijing has formulated mandatory standards for agricultural food safety, gradually reducing the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers within three years, and gradually using microbial fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which can both increase production and prevent diseases, and ensure the safety of agricultural products. It is an inevitable trend of development. This similar practice is believed to be implemented nationwide soon. 2. The relationship between microbial fertilizers and chemical fertilizers is not an antagonistic relationship. Currently, they complement each other and complement each other. Fertilizers have obvious effects and they are still necessary in areas where agricultural products are relatively scarce. However, with the abundance of agricultural products, people are aware of the environment. To strengthen the demand for safe agricultural products, microbial fertilizers and fertilizers will gradually grow and fade away. This is a gradual development process. Moreover, microbial fertilizers have a low investment in production, raw materials can be sourced locally, and the cost is low. The ecological benefits of fertilizers cannot be replaced by chemical fertilizers. Therefore, we assume that the development of microbial fertilizers has a broader perspective. 3. The normal and healthy development of China's microbial fertilizers must be made in all areas. Production enterprises must continuously improve production formulas, processes, and equipment, improve the quality of employees, and produce stable, high-quality products. The government management department must step up registration management and crack down on fake and shoddy products to create a good social environment. The establishment of a good market order, the government and enterprises to work together to strengthen popular science propaganda work, scientific and factual propaganda, the benefits of microbial fertilizers, so that farmers gradually accepted.