Causes of premature aging of cotton and countermeasures
No matter how good the cotton varieties are, if they are not supported by good methods, premature aging and related problems will inevitably occur. The so-called premature senility, generally refers to cotton in the flowering period, in the effective growth period, fertility organs weakened or stagnated reproductive life function, especially in the genital area performance is more obvious. Premature aging time occurs in late August to early September. This year's premature aging of cotton has several distinctive features: premature aging time is revealed early, and some cotton fields have been outcropping in late July and late August. Farmers call it premature aging; premature aging has a large area, regardless of hills or plain cotton. There are areas; premature cotton has a large proportion of premature aging. Premature aging has severely affected the growth and yield of cotton. Lighter crops have reduced production by 20% to 30% and heavy production has been reduced by more than 50%. Symptoms of premature aging, the leaves first generally yellow, and then gradually browning and withering, no need to fight the old leaves automatically fall off; the proportion of red stems more than 90%, the growing point becomes sharp, the centripetal movement stagnant; flower position moves up, the top flower buds lurking , No longer extend the new fruit branches, fruit layer less than the number of layers 2 to 4 layers; root failure, root shallow shallow, greatly reducing the ability to absorb fertilizer and water; peach small, low clothing, quality deterioration, poor seed maturity. From the investigation and analysis, the reasons for premature aging are mainly due to the fact that the ecological conditions did not meet the needs of normal growth and development of cotton, and cotton field management measures were not put in place. Specific performances include the following points: Since late June, drought has been linked to autumn drought, drought time is rare in previous years, and rainfall is about half less than in the same period of the calendar year; high-temperature duration is long, especially in early September, when the temperature climbs up to about 35°C again, The birth of cotton is extremely harmful to fertility. A considerable number of cotton fields with more peaches are used for leaf litter in this period. The volatilization of cotton in soils with weak soil layers is insufficient and autumn peaches are not covered. Cotton fields with nitrogenous fertilizer or nitrogen and phosphorus are applied. Because of the lack of potassium, withered withered; flower bell fertilizer, peach fertilizer investment is insufficient or not applied, cotton itself lacks stamina. Especially in early-onset cotton fields, because sitting peach earlier, heavier load, more prone to premature aging; without irrigation or drought is not timely, it is difficult to play the role of water fertilizer, resulting in a great waste of light and heat resources. Through the analysis of the cause of this year's end-of-age decline in cotton, we should learn from the following in guiding cotton production in the coming year: First, we must further strengthen the matching of cotton field water facilities, improve the functions of irrigation, irrigation and drainage, and create a normal birth for cotton. High standards of water conservancy conditions; the second is to improve the cotton field soil, especially to increase the organic fertilizer to improve the ability to retain water and fertilizer; the third is to balance the fertilization, increase phosphorus and potassium and boron and other trace elements, to avoid physiological withering Premature decline; Fourth, to increase the amount of fertilizer, especially flower bell and peach fertilizer; Fifth, in the process of cotton growth, always pay attention to protect the roots of leaves, promote root hair, and extend the functional period of the root water supply and fertilizer.