Winter fruit trees are susceptible to freezing damage? Recently, most northern cities in China have started snowfall. At this point, if the fruit farmers do not do the antifreeze of the fruit trees, it is easy to cause freezing damage. Why are fruit trees susceptible to freezing damage? The reporter interviewed Han Mingyu, a professor at the College of Horticulture of Northwest A&F University, on this issue. Han Mingyu said that after the fall of the fruit trees in autumn, some of the nutrients returned to the tree body, which was used as a reserve nutrient for the trees to provide fruit for the coming year. If the tree reserves insufficient nutrients, it will lead to weak trees and reduced cold resistance. In the case of severe cold weather, the cells lose swell pressure, the tissue is soft, the surface is initially water-stained, the bark formation layer becomes brown or the entire cortex becomes brown and dry, causing the main branches of saplings and trees to die. After this happens, the tree body is easily infected by germs. When the temperature is right in the spring of the next year, the bacteria will multiply in large areas, causing different degrees of diseases, such as apple rot. In addition, saplings, fruit trees with severe pests and diseases are weak, cold resistance is poor, and they are susceptible to freezing damage. In the late growth stage, a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the number of watering is too many, the growth of the tree is too strong, and the fruit trees that are late in the autumn are prone to freezing damage. . Which parts of the fruit tree are susceptible to freezing damage? Recently, the reporter interviewed Han Mingyu, a professor at the College of Horticulture of Northwest A&F University, on the issue of which parts of the fruit tree are susceptible to freezing damage. Because of the late growth of the shoots, the immature shoots are not fully developed, the protective tissues are not developed, and they are susceptible to freezing damage and die. Branches with normal freezing damage can also cause freezing damage when the temperature is too low. Some of the branches did not look obvious, but the color of the xylem was browned and then the black heart was formed. The frozen branches are late in germination, the leaves are thin or deformed, and the growth is not normal. The freeze damage of the branches is submerged or cracked by the frozen branches, the interior is browned and black, and the tissues die. In severe cases, the large branches also die. The root neck is frozen and the root neck is the trunk of the fruit. The relative cold resistance of the roots and necks of fruit trees is weak. After freezing, the roots and cortex of the roots turn black and die, but the light occurs in the local part, and the black ring is formed in the heavy, surrounded by the dry week, and the whole plant is dead. The root system freezes the root system that grows underground, and the freezing damage is not easy to be found, but it seriously affects the growth of the shoot. The outer cortex of the frozen roots turns brown, and the cortex is separated from the xylem and even falls off. Fruit tree freeze damage prevention? Recently, the reporter interviewed Xu Ying, a researcher at the Shandong Fruit Research Institute, on how to strengthen the antifreeze work in the orchard. After picking the white fruit of the trunk, the white trunk and the main branch are evenly whitened with the whitening agent, which not only prevents freezing, but also kills the bacteria, eggs and adults hidden in the trunk. The whitening agent is prepared by mixing lime, sulfur powder, salt, vegetable oil and water in a ratio of 10:1:1:0.1:20. Before the tree is wrapped and frozen, the straw or straw rope is wrapped around the trunk or the main branch, which can prevent the cold wind from invading and reduce the loss of trunk water. Before winding, it is best to immerse the entangled material in lime water for two days to disinfect and sterilize the pests and trees. When the target is warmed up in the spring of the next year, the cover will be burned intensively to eliminate the wintering pests and diseases. Winter irrigation and antifreeze Because the orchard is built on hillsides, hills and rivers, the soil layer is shallow and the water retention is poor. It is most likely to cause the fruit trees to suffer from drought and frost damage. Therefore, before the winter, the fruit trees should be watered twice and in the soil layer after irrigation. When it is slightly dry, the soil surface should be lightly cut to cut off the capillary tube and reduce the water loss and the accumulation of salt and alkali. The root neck of the root neck soil is the most difficult to withstand the cold, especially the young trees, which are more susceptible to freezing damage. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate the soil at the junction of the upper part of the tree body to the underground part before freezing, and the thickness is about 30 cm, and it will be removed during the next year. Covering the surface with rice straw, wheat straw, hay grass, corn stalks, etc., it can block the cold wind from invading the rhizome, weaken the freezing damage, and reduce the evaporation of soil water, thus maintaining the effect of warming and warming. When covering, the straw and other coverings should be cut into small pieces of about 20 cm long, covered evenly and covered with a layer of soil to prevent the wind from being blown away. After the cover rots, it can also become an organic fertilizer that is beneficial to the growth of fruit trees. For young trees that are born within three years, they can also cover the mulch of one meter square before the frost, which can increase soil temperature and maintain soil moisture. The smoked smoked smoke should be carried out in the coldest night in winter. It is fueled by crushed firewood, weeds, sawdust, clam shells, etc., and is ignited around midnight. Pay attention to controlling the fire, and it is better to use dark smoke. The burning point should be set at the upper air outlet, generally not less than 4 per acre. Four methods of anti-freezing of young trees? The newly planted saplings have not yet resumed growth, have poor cold resistance, and are prone to freezing damage in winter. To this end, the following describes several simple methods for drought and freezing: The burying method buryes the saplings in the north and bends them into the soil. The thickness of the buried soil is 30~40 cm. After the burial, the soil is photographed. When the germination comes, the soil is opened and the tree is righted up. The coating method uses a film with a thickness of 0.03 mm and cuts into strips of 3 to 5 cm in width and 1 to 2 m in length. The young branches are wrapped and dried in time before spring germination. For the young trees that are slightly large and not easy to bend, the saplings can be built at a height of 40 to 50 cm in the north to build a half-moon-shaped bandit with a length of 1 to 2 meters and a height of 60 cm to block the wind and prevent freezing. In the winter, the straw, wheat, corn, millet and other crop straws are tied to the tree and unwound before spring germination.
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