1. What is orchard grass? Orchard grass is planting grass in orchards that is beneficial to fruit tree production. Growing orchards in orchards can improve the microclimate of the orchard environment and promote the transformation of the unstable state of surface fertility factors such as water, fertilizer, gas, heat and biology in the orchard into relatively stable states. Improve soil aggregate structure, expand root distribution range, increase root absorption capacity, extend root growth time, reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides, reduce agricultural environmental pollution, promote the development of low-carbon fruit industry, improve fruit quality and yield, orchard soil An important part of management. Generally divided into artificial grass and natural grass. Artificial grass planting refers to artificial planting of banded grass between rows of fruit trees. The planted grass is a good perennial forage; artificial grass is artificially selected due to the type of grass, which can control the harmful effects of poor weeds on fruit trees and orchard soils . Natural weeding refers to any weeds that sprout and grow during the orchard growing season. Weeds that do not meet the conditions for weeding are manually eliminated or controlled, and there is no longer any cultivation other than mowing on the raw grassland. 2. What are the benefits of orchard grass? (1) Increase soil organic matter content. After the orchard grows grass, the grass grows to about 35 cm and must be mowed and covered with tree discs, which can increase the soil organic matter content, improve the soil physical and chemical properties, and form and maintain a good agglomerate structure. Production practice shows that in an orchard with a 30 cm thick soil layer with an organic matter content of 0.7% to 0.9%, ryegrass and white clover are planted for 5 consecutive years, and the soil organic matter content can be increased to more than 1.5%. (2) Increase the number of natural enemies of pests. The orchard grass promotes the diversified development of vegetation, provides natural enemies with rich food and good habitat, overcomes the natural enemies and pests in the occurrence of the phenomenon of disconnection, so that the diversity of insect species, enrichment and self-control The increase, to a certain extent, also increases the tolerance of the orchard ecosystem to pesticides and expands the ecological capacity. The number of dominant natural enemies after growing grass in orchards, such as lacewings, small bugs, aphids and carnivorous mites, has increased significantly. The occurrence of natural enemies is large and the population is stable, which is conducive to the comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases in orchards. (3) Reduced the amount of fertilization. In the first or second year of the grass orchard, the increase of soil organic matter was not obvious. From the third year onwards, the soil organic matter has improved significantly, and the orchard is covered with grass 15.0-22.5 tons / 15 acres, which is equivalent to applying 37.5-45.0 tons / 15 acres of high-quality ring fertilizer. According to expert measurements, the total nitrogen and organic matter of the four-year-old grass orchard are increased by 100% and 159.8%, respectively, and the planting of white clover in the orchard can greatly reduce or even replace the input of nitrogen fertilizer. Even if no organic fertilizer is added to the grass orchard, the humus in the soil can be maintained at more than 1%, and the soil structure is good. At the same time, the fertilizer application is reduced, and the heavy labor expenditure caused by the application of organic fertilizer is avoided. (4) Reduce the number of jobs. â‘ Spraying workers. By growing grass in orchards, the ability of natural enemies of dominant species to control pests can be brought into full play, reducing the number of times of pesticide application and the number of spray workers. â‘¡ Watering labor. In orchards that have been planted for 3 to 5 years, grass cutting and mulching tree trays play a role in protecting the soil moisture. The ground water evaporation is reduced by 60%, the number of watering in the orchard is reduced by more than 1/3, and the annual labor for watering is 30 days / 15 mu. â‘¢Laboring and weeding work. Orchard weeding can be exempted from plowing and weeding. When the grass is high, it is cut with machinery 3 to 5 times a year. It is fast and efficient, without the need for weeding and deep turning. It can save 75 days / 15 acres of plowing and weeding annually. (5) Improve fruit quality. First, due to the increase in soil organic matter content, the orchard of raw grass balances the nutrient supply of fruit trees, increases the content of soluble solids in the fruit and the hardness of the fruit, promotes the overall uniformity of fruit coloring, improves the disease resistance and storage tolerance, and physiology of the fruit The disease is reduced and the fruit surface is clean, which improves the quality of the fruit. Secondly, due to the increase in air humidity and temperature difference between day and night, the grass orchard further promotes the increase in fruit coloring rate, sugar content, and fruit hardness and storability. Especially in bagged orchards, the fruits are most susceptible to high temperature and dry air after bag picking. The fruit surface is prone to sunburn and dry cracks. Orchard grass can effectively avoid and prevent these phenomena. 3. Which grass species are better? Orchard grassing is mainly carried out under the canopy and between rows. Artificial grass requires grass species with shade-tolerant, tread-resistant, drought-resistant, and developed fibrous roots; choose grass with short fibrous roots, strong ground, good for soil and water; choose shallow Grass species with short root growth time, the root system is distributed in the surface 10 ~ 15 cm to reduce the competition between grass and fruit trees for water and nutrients; choose grass species with fast growth, high yield, strong nutrient accumulation ability, and perishable after cutting, there are It is beneficial to improve soil fertility; choose grass species that have no common diseases and insect pests with fruit trees and are conducive to protecting natural enemies of pests. At present, it is recognized that there are better types of artificial grass in orchards: gramineous forage ryegrass, bluegrass; leguminous forage white clover and alfalfa. The source of natural grass species depends on the wild, that is, the wild grass species are allowed to take root and germinate, and then, according to the situation, artificially remove the grass species that may strongly compete with fruit trees for fertilizer and water. Practice has proved that we should select grass species that have no lignified stems or can only form semi-essential stems, have many fibrous roots, creeping stems, dwarfs, large coverage, low water consumption, and wide adaptability. This grass can leave a lot of dead roots in the soil every year. After decay, it not only increases the organic matter, but also leaves many voids in the soil, increasing the permeability of the soil. Perennial grasses are generally not considered. In the choice of grass species, there are many types to choose from, here are two recommended for everyone: Old rapeseed. The root system is developed, the leaves and stems are thick, and the water storage is large. The stems and leaves after cutting are particularly prone to rot and ripening. It is a very good organic fertilizer, and the underground rhizomes will also rot quickly within a month, forming a space in the root system. Deepen the roots of the tree. It can be sown in May and September every year, with 0.25 kg of seeds per mu. When the rape grows to a height of 30 cm and the bolts, buds and flowers do not bloom, they are promptly cut and covered in situ. White clover. Leguminous perennial herb, resistant to trampling. Strong regenerative ability, short main roots, well developed lateral roots, multiple rhizobia on the roots, strong nitrogen fixation ability, can effectively inhibit the growth of weeds after sprouting, can be sown every spring and autumn, 0.5-1 kg per mu, suitable for shallow sowing, every year Mowing 2 ~ 4 times according to the growth of the grass, leaving 3 ~ 6 cm of stubble when cutting, the cut grass is covered under the tree tray, and after 4 years, use autumn tillage to deepen the fertilizer. Disclaimer: Some articles of this website are transferred from the Internet. If the legal rights of third parties are involved, please inform this website for processing. phone List of veterinary drug raw materials
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