Control Techniques of Non-pollution Vegetable Aphids
Harmless vegetables are those that contain no toxic substances that are not allowed in the regulations. For some unavoidable harmful substances, such as pesticide residues, nitrates, and other harmful substances, they must meet the allowable content range of commercial vegetables. Huiyang City is a major exporter of pollution-free vegetables. The total sown area of ​​vegetables in the city is 261,000 mu. Two-thirds of the vegetables are exported, and 333,000 tons of vegetables are exported every year. Therefore, to do a good job in the production of pollution-free vegetables, it means that a large number of vegetable farmers and vegetable farms in the process of vegetable cultivation, it is necessary to completely prohibit the use of highly toxic and high residual pesticides such as carbofuran, methamidophos, omethoate, Ye Yu San, etc. To reduce or eliminate the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, this puts new requirements on our plant protection department and a large number of agricultural technicians. The following are the results we have obtained after years of actual investigations and work practices for the reference of agricultural workers and farmers. First, the incidence and damage of vegetable worms on vegetables, locusts with adults, nymphs clustered in the back of the injured plants, young leaves, young stems and growth points, etc., sucked juice, resulting in leaf curling, young leaves forming folds, deformity . When the damage is severe, the growth and development of the plant is retarded or even stagnated, which has a great influence on the yield and quality of the vegetables. At the same time, maggots are also communicators of viral diseases. Second, prevention and control measures 1, agricultural control. Try to avoid continuous production and implement rotation. After harvesting the previous crop of vegetables, it is necessary to timely plow tillage, remove debris and weeds in the field, remove the damaged leaves in time, reduce the source of aphids, and secondly, according to the phototaxis of migratory wings, they can be coated with The yellow board of glue or oil can be trapped and killed, and silver gray film can also be used to avoid the plague in the open space. Third, rational application of fertilizer, worms like to eat carbohydrates, in the cultivation of vegetables, it is necessary to use more rotten farmyard fertilizer, as little as possible With chemical fertilizers, in particular, it is not possible to over-fertilize too much at a time. This will prevent the leaves of the vegetables from being green, leggy and tender, and the carbohydrates in the plants will increase rapidly. As a result, the locusts will explode in a short period of time. 2, to seize the opportunity to prevent and control. The most suitable temperature for locust life is 20-25°C and the relative humidity is 80%. If the temperature is too high and the relative humidity is too low, it will be unfavorable for its growth and reproduction, and it will cause a large number of deaths in the short term. After the rain is sunny and wet, it is very conducive to the occurrence of aphids. Therefore, it is the most effective time for prevention and control to seize the rain after the rain. 3, biological control. Full use of natural enemies to eliminate aphids, aphids of many types of enemies, mainly ladybugs, flies, grasshoppers, mold and other mold. When there are not many locusts in the field and there are a certain number of natural enemies, do not use pesticides to avoid harming natural enemies and destroying the ecological balance. Instead, incur locust infestation. When the locust infestation achieves the prevention and control index and needs medication, it should also be used in the affected parts of the plant, such as the growing point of the plant, young leaves, young stems, and leaves, etc., so that it can be targeted and fully protect the natural enemies. 4, the method of soil control. Method is: 25 grams of fresh urine per acre of vegetables, 25 kg of water diluted, mixed with 0.2% of neutral laundry detergent, sprayed after 10 o'clock in the sunny morning, the effect of fleas can reach 95% or more; also available urine Washing mixture control aphids, that is, 250 grams of urea mu, 100 grams of detergent and 50 kg of water are mixed into a urine-washing mixture, which is sprayed after all the urea and detergent are dissolved. 5. Reasonably select counterpart pesticides. Practice has proved that the current control effect is relatively good, and in line with the state of pollution-free vegetable production requirements of the pesticide species are: Four Seasons Red, imidacloprid, Dagong Chen, fast killing spirit, flutter, one pass, sterilizing bacteria, trichlorfon, etc. . Different pesticide species have specific control objects. When we conduct prevention and control, we must select the right pesticides, use the correct methods and concentrations, and not use pesticides that are banned by the state on vegetables, or increase the concentration of pesticides at random, resulting in pesticide contamination of vegetables. 6, rational use of pesticide rotation. Aphids have the characteristics of rapid propagation and many generational occurrences. Long-term use of a pesticide can easily produce drug resistance. Any type of pesticide that cures leeches can generally only be used twice in the same place, and should be used interchangeably. This can prevent maggots from developing resistance to drugs and achieve the purpose of less medication and high benefits. China Agricultural Network Editor