Duckling breeding technology
1. The physiological characteristics of ducklings Ducklings have three main physiological characteristics. First, rapid growth and development, four weeks of age than the birth weight increased by 24 times, increased by 60 times at the age of seven weeks; Second, regulating body temperature is weak, it is difficult to adapt to the outside world, freshly hatched young ducks are small and delicate, villi few, insulation Poor ability, weak body temperature regulation; Third, small digestive organs, weak digestion, but fast growth, high feed conversion rate. 2. The preparation of brooding ducks must firstly prepare fresh and high-quality full-priced compound feeds and green materials. Second, brooding rooms, playgrounds, feeding equipment and necessary facilities must be fully equipped to ensure that each duckling can eat feed and drinking water; Again, the brooding room, playground and feeding utensils should be sterilized with 1-20% caustic soda or 20% lime water, dried and rinsed with clean water. Finally, the brooding room should be equipped with temperature adjustment facilities. 3. Ducklings need to drink water first and then open the ducklings 14 to 24 hours after hatching. Before the start of feeding, clean and fresh drinking water is provided to supplement the water consumed by the ducklings when they are hatched. In drinking water, add appropriate amount of glucose or vitamin C, can promote gastrointestinal motility, nutrition, eliminate meconium, clean up the stomach, promote new metabolism, accelerate the absorption of the remaining yolk, increase appetite, enhance physical fitness, so we must first open water after eating. If you add 1/10000 potassium permanganate in drinking water, it can also play a role in gastrointestinal disinfection. This is because the ducklings do not have hunger after hatching. Since there are unabsorbed remaining yolks in the abdomen, they can still provide initial nutrition, so the ducklings need not be fed within 24 hours after hatching. After 24 hours, the young ducks have dry hair, lively and lively, often squeaking, and interact with each other. At this time, they must first feed water and then eat, which is beneficial to the young ducks' digestive tract and the whole body. Normal activities promote the absorption of yolk. If the ducklings are mentally tired and their eyes are half-opened and half-closed, they are reluctant to exercise and this time has exceeded their open time. Ducklings eat too early, it is easy to damage the digestive organs, affecting the health of young ducklings; eat too late, the nutritional supply is not on, is not conducive to growth and development. Therefore, the best time for ducklings to eat is between 14 and 24 hours after hatching. Remember to eat before drinking. 4. Feeding full-grain pellet feeds due to the fast growth and development of ducklings requires large amounts of nutrients. After the ducklings start eating, they rely on feed intake to meet the nutrients needed for growth and development. Duckling feed requires high protein and high energy feed. The protein content in the diet should reach 20-22%, and the metabolic energy should be 2800-3000 kcal/kg. At the same time, calcium, phosphorus and trace elements should be added, as well as various vitamins. If you only feed rice, due to monotonous nutrition, can not meet the growth and development of ducklings, prone to illness or death, feeding the full price feed can meet the various needs of duckling growth and development of nutrition. 5. Feeding methods for ducklings The ducklings have a short digestive tract, a small stomach muscle volume and impaired digestive function. Therefore, when feeding ducklings, each time should not be fed too much, only to feed six or seventy percent full, if fed a full, easy to cause indigestion; but also because the young ducklings gastrointestinal volume is small, and digestion speed, if The small number of feedings will make the ducklings starve for a long time, which will affect the growth and development of the ducklings. The ducklings within two weeks of age were able to reach the gastrointestinal tract within 5 minutes under free-feeding conditions, reach the duodenum in 20 minutes, defecate in 2 hours, and empty in 4 hours. Feeding time more than 4 hours, ducklings are hungry. In general, the younger the ducklings, the lower the food intake, the more frequently they are fed. In the early period of brooding (that is, within one week), it is necessary to feed less, feed more ingredients, feed 6-8 times a day, and feed 1-2 times a night meal to promote duckling activity. 6. How to give ducklings insulation temperature is the main technical measure for brooding ducks. Only when the temperature is appropriate, the ducklings consume less body heat, the growth and development are fast, and the survival rate is high. Umbrella-shaped nanny brooding is widely used as a brooding method. It can be used as long as there is a power supply. In addition, brooding can also be performed with a fire skimmer. The use of fire to warm the brooding must export smoke and harmful gases into the brooding room to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning of ducklings. When the ducklings are at one day old, the actual temperature of the ducklings under the nanny should be maintained at 30-32°C and kept at 22-24Y at room temperature. After that, the ducklings will increase with the age and decrease by 1Y every day until the temperature is consistent with the ambient temperature. Cool down. Special attention should be paid to the fact that the temperature and temperature of the ducklings should be determined in accordance with the behaviour and performance of the duckling under different climatic conditions, and the response of the ducklings to the optimal temperature requirements should be satisfied as much as possible. For example, when the temperature is too low, the ducklings will get close to the heat source when they are afraid of cold, and they will heat each other, often resulting in crushing or suffocating death. When the temperature is too high, the ducklings will keep away from heat, open their mouths, and increase their drinking capacity. When the temperature is normal, the young Ducks are full of spirit, lively, good appetite, moderate drinking water, light hair, stretched legs, uniform distribution, quiet and lying, eating, drinking, and excretion are normal. 7. The breeding density of ducklings and the breeding density of grouped ducklings should be suitable for c. The breeding density should be too large, which will result in damp ducks, air pollution, resulting in poor growth of ducklings and other consequences. If the density is too small, it will waste space, human resources and other resources. Reduced efficiency. The breeding density of the ducklings is preferably 20 ducklings per square meter, and can be gradually reduced with the growth of the ducklings, with no more than 10 feathers per square meter. The grouping of ducklings should be based on large, medium, small, strong, and weak brooders, and they should be reared in groups so that the growth of weak ducklings can be accelerated to achieve the purpose of uniform growth and orderliness of the whole group of ducks. Each group of ducks is suitable for 250-300. 8. The ducklings and ducks have to be ventilated because of the high metabolism of the ducklings. If the duck house and the brood room are polluted, the carbon dioxide produced by the ducklings and the harmful gases such as ammonia gas and hydrogen sulfide produced by the decomposition of the residue will harm the ducklings' health. In severe cases, it will cause duck poisoning and a large number of deaths. . Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the air circulation in the brooding room at any time, maintain proper ventilation, maintain fresh indoor air, eliminate excess indoor moisture, keep the duck house dry and clean, and improve the living environment of the ducks, so as to promote the healthy and rapid growth of the ducks. 9. Ducklings need to be water-draining. Ducks are waterfowl. Its living environment cannot be separated from water. Without water, young ducklings cannot survive. The watering activities of the ducklings not only promote the metabolism of the ducklings, but also enhance the constitution of the ducklings and can also clean dirt on the feathers to prevent the production of oily hair. If the duck water does not discharge water for a long time, the duck hair will not be resistant to water, so the ducklings must be allowed to perform water discharge activities. The water discharge activities of ducklings are generally carried out 2-3 days after hatching. The number and time of daily water discharges should be determined according to the seasonal duck age. In the winter and spring season, water is released 2-3 times a day, every 10-15 minutes (except in the north); in summer and autumn, ducklings in one week of age are released 4-6 times a day for 20-30 minutes. Ducklings over 1 week old should not be allowed to discharge water at high temperatures in the mid-afternoon and can grazing in the water all day long. However, management must be strengthened. Prevent animal damage and loss.