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First, the initial processing before storage
1. Clean up. Removes unwanted parts such as stubble, feces, dirt, and fat from the skin.
2. Antiseptic. The basic principle is to remove water, cold temperatures and use preservatives to inhibit the action of microorganisms and enzymes.
Drying method: Generally, it is dried naturally. Put the fresh flesh on the outside with a few bamboo sticks, and put it under the ventilation shade to dry the water content to 15% or less.
Salting method: (1) dry salted method. 25% to 30% of dried salt in cow leather is evenly spread on the meat surface to make the skin lose moisture and achieve anti-corrosion purposes. In order to improve the preservation effect, 1% to 1.5% of paradichlorobenzene and 2% to 3% of naphthalene can be added to the dry salt. After 6-8 days of salting, the inner and outer salt concentrations of the leather are balanced. (2) Saline flooding method; the raw hides were immersed in a 25% saline solution bath, and the water temperature was maintained at 15°C. After 24 hours, remove and drain for 2 hours, then add 25% dry salt in bovine leather. In order to prevent salt spots, 4% sodium carbonate may be added to the salt. (3) Salt dry method. That is, salting first, and then drying to 20% water, this method has the advantages of strong anti-corrosion, can avoid the occurrence of hardening, fracture and other defects in the drying of raw hides, and to extend the storage period.
Second, hide storage
1. Warehouse conditions. The warehouse requires good ventilation and ventilation. The storage temperature should not exceed 25°C, and the relative humidity of the air should be 65% to 70%, so that the moisture content of the raw hides can be kept between 12% and 20%. There must be moisture-proof, heat-insulated conditions and concrete floors. The venues are spacious and easy to inspect and dump. But to prevent direct sunlight, so as not to degenerate the skin.
2. Strong requirements. (1) Stacking. Lay the cowhide completely so that the upper one faces the bottom of the sheet and stacks them. This is the best way. (2) Fish form. Each of the raw furs is faced outwards, folded along the dorsal line, and then the hairs are layered against the rough surface. (3) packet type. The raw fur is folded outwards into small bags, and then 8 to 10 small bags are stacked in a pile. In order to reduce the contact between the heap and the air, it is usual to pile a heap and cover it with a layer of salt. Cubs should be stacked on wooden pallets with a distance of 40 cm between piles and no less than 2 meters between rows.
3. Drug treatment. If raw hides need to be preserved for a long period of time, they should be protected from insects when entering the store in order to avoid pests. One part of dichlorvos can be dissolved in 999 parts of kerosene and sprayed on the skin with a sprayer. Each piece of skin needs about 10 mg. Kerosene is a flammable product that is fire-resistant during operation.
4. Warehouse management. The warehouse must be managed by a person, constantly checking the temperature and humidity in the warehouse to prevent pests.
Third, the transport of raw hides is carried by train. The trunk must be clean and dry, well ventilated, and maintain proper temperature and humidity. When transporting by car, tarpaulins should be provided to prevent the sun from raining. When loading and unloading vehicles, try to make the skin flat to avoid breaking. Because dry skin is easy to absorb water, transportation time should be shortened as much as possible. Avoid rainy days transportation.
Fresh leather storage method
Most of the fresh cowhide can not be sent to the tannery for processing in time. In order to avoid rot and to facilitate storage and transportation, fresh cows must undergo preliminary processing.