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How to cultivate water-saving sugarcane in winter and spring
Sugarcane in paddy field is one of the important types of sugarcane cultivation in Yunnan Province. Many sugarcane planting areas in our province have serious water and soil erosion, and the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities lags behind. In addition, the winter and spring seasons are arid and dry, and the paddy fields are short of water. Except for part of the fields, it can be planted according to the order of the season. Except for sugar cane, most of the water shortage fields are planted late, and they are planted from the end of April to the beginning of May, seriously affecting the yield, sugar content and benefits of sugarcane in paddy fields. In recent years, the relevant departments of Yunnan Province, in conjunction with the climate characteristics of our province, have focused on reforming the planting system and exploring the sugarcane water-saving planting techniques and achieved significant results. Practice has proved that using this technology to grow sugar cane, the average yield of sugar cane 1.5 to 2 tons, sugar Increased by 0.4% to 0.6%. The key points of this technology are as follows: Prepare deep plowing and fine plowing to achieve "deep, loose, fine, flat". Excavation of drainage trenches around the site, generally about 40 cm wide trench bottom, ditch depth of 40 to 50 centimeters, depending on the size of the field to determine; overly large fields, open "10" or "well" word ditch, to ensure drought water Rain can row. Excavation sugar cane trench cane planting trench between 90 to 100 cm, planting cane trench depth is generally 30 to 35 cm, after digging into the slab soil, in the next species, digging 4 to 5 cm deep slab soil broken as a cover Alternative soil. The selection of improved varieties is the key to obtaining high yields and stable yields by selecting no-hybrid, lodging-free, disease-free pests that are suitable for the local natural conditions. Liangyu 97/18, Sichuan cane 79/15, Xintai sugar No. 22, No. 20 and Yuet cane 86/368 can be used as drought-resistant and drought-resistant varieties. Cutting seed and seed treatment When cutting and cutting, pay attention to plant selection, and select the cane stems that are free of pests, mixed with insect pests, uniform cane stalks, and full shoots. The cutting tools must be thin and sharp, the sugarcane species should be cut into cross sections as much as possible, and do not cut into bevels, and cut off by one knife to reduce the cut and wound surface of the cut and reduce the immersed surface of the bacteria. . The seeds are treated with the conditional land, the seed pool is dug, the bottom and the periphery of the pool are sealed with a plastic film, and soaked in lime water of 2% to 3% for 24 hours. In places where water is inconvenient, 5% to 8% of lime water can be placed in plastic buckets, and then all types of sugarcane can be inserted or stained to sterilize them to prevent red rot and phoenix diseases. It is advisable to plant seeds from mid-January to mid-February. The determination of the amount of the next type of general mu shoots 7500 ~ 8500 buds. The best way to do this is to use the "triangular" air-to-air approach. It is advisable to have about 1.5 inches from both sides of the cane trench. The application principle of basal fertilizer application basal fertilizer mainly to rotten farmyard fertilizer (1000 kg / acre), supplemented by chemical fertilizer, urea 15 kg, 50 kg of calcium, potassium chloride 10 kg, added to the insect pest 3 kg, mixed in the application of sugar cane ditch . Watering, ditching, soil cover, grass sealing, filming watering amount is generally determined to be applied to the planting cane ditch farmhouse full moisture absorption slightly moisture leaching prevail, per mu of water 20 ~ 30 Tam, pouring a ditch cover a ditch , Increase water security, promote early growth of sugarcane, Miao Qi Miao. After clearing the first ditch planting cane, fertilizing, applying pesticides, and watering, clean the second ditch moist fine soil cover on the first planting cane ditch, which is generally covered by 1.5-inch cane type, and then press plate, soil Cover into a tile type. Seal the grass with 40% Atrazine 200 ml water 60 to 100 kg, evenly sprayed on the surface of the planting cane. The cover film is covered with a 40 centimeter wide plastic film. It requires compaction and compaction around the circumference, which fully enlarges the amount of light transmitted in the middle part and improves the ground temperature to accelerate germination. The cultivating management enters the rainy season from the end of May to June. This period is the key period of sugarcane production management. It must seize the festival and do the following in accordance with the “double high†sugarcane production management requirements: timely release of the film from the end of April to the beginning of May, With the rising of the temperature, sugar cane seedlings will enter mid-delivery, and they will have to remove the film before the onset of the rainy season. Timely application of Miaofei, promote strong seedlings, promote control combined to prevent sugarcane turtles and aphids, reduce the mortality rate After uncovering the film, 20 mu of urea, 30 kg of Pu-Ca, and appropriate amount of sugarcane-specific pesticides are applied to the cane. Miao base, and small earth and seal grass. Soil thickness is determined according to the target seedlings. If the seedling volume has reached the target, it should be raised a little to control ineffective delivery and cultivate strong seedlings. If the target is not reached, it is appropriate to cover the fertilizer just to promote the development of the tiller and increase the Fertilizer use efficiency and stem yield. Re-applying stem-fertilizer and soil, preventing lodging of sugar cane into the extension period from June to July is the key period for the high yield and stable production of sugarcane, and also the period when sugarcane needs the most fertilizer and water and the fastest production. Since the rainy season in a few areas of our province is concentrated in June, July and August, it is necessary to intensify the ditch clearance, drainage, weeding, and removal of leaves and feet to prevent accumulation of stagnant water and to improve the conditions for ventilation and light transmission to ensure the healthy growth of sugarcane. Select sunny 30 ~ 40 kg of urea mu, 50 kg of calcium, potassium fertilizer 10 kg, mixed in the base of cane seedlings, and high earth soil, 5 to 7 inches is appropriate to prevent lodging. Prevention of weeds, rodents, grasses, and rats Weed control After the removal of weeds, replanting of seedlings, and cultivation of seedlings, we generally use 40% Atrazine 200 to 250 ml of water to mix with 40 kg of water to spray cane to kill weeds. For unblocked and overgrown weeds, use 20% gadolinium in 150 ml, add atrazine 150 ml water to kill 50 g sugar cane, select sunny spray, be careful not to spray to sugarcane leaves and Sugar cane base to avoid phytotoxicity. Leaf Insect Pest Control From June to October, pests of sugarcane leaf are mainly pests such as thrips and cotton aphid. To eradicate the pest center in the sugarcane field, 20% Libaodan can be used or 48% Le Siben can be used or 40% can be oxidized. Dimethoate and Other insecticides were mixed with 1500-2000 times liquid spray. The spraying should be thorough and careful, leaving no dead ends. Disease prevention and control Many sugarcane plant diseases commonly occur in sugarcane brown bark and rust. Prevention measures: First, to exclude waterlogging in the field, remove yellow leaves and weeds, make the cane ventilate and transmit light; Second, reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; Third, the incidence of heavy land, the use of pesticide control, Use 50% carbendazim or 75% chlorothalonil or 65% dexamethasone or 12.5% ​​diniconazole 500 to 600 times per acre for spray control. Spray in sunny afternoons and spray once every 7 days for continuous control. 2 to 3 times. Harvesting timely, attention to the protection of sugarcane head cut cane, the use of cane to cut small rakes, 3 to 5 cm below the surface of the sugar cane stalks quickly cut low cut, to avoid the use of incorrect cane cutting cane to cut cane, damage to sugarcane sprouts, To ensure the germination of low lateral buds, laying a good foundation for the next season's production.