The Beijing Pig Breeding and Breeding Center is a state-level key breeder breeding base jointly invested by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Beijing Municipal Government in the early 1990s. It is a large-scale breeder pig production company that integrates research, breeding, production, sales, and training services. In 2000 and 2005, the center successively introduced French breeder pigs from the Iberots Gene Optimization Company in France. At present, there are more than 2,400 sows in the core breeder breeds of the French legal system, forming a large-scale production base of domestic legal breeds. The center used the imported pigs of the legal system to systematically carry out the production, selection and breeding of breeding pigs, popularization of breeding pigs, establishment of a perfect breeding system, and on this basis, the development of supporting breeding pigs suitable for the needs of the Chinese market. Accumulation of a large number of technical experiences on the breeding, management, breeding, promotion and production of the legal breeder pigs. Several key technologies in the breeding and management of the legal breeder pigs are now described as follows: boar Boar rearing In the rearing, due to the change of diet (Barley oat type diet in France and corn-soybean diet in domestic), the newly introduced legal system pig should provide enough protein, minerals and vitamins, and the crude protein should not be lower than 16%, lysine is added as appropriate. According to the characteristics of the pedigree of pigs, special biotin and vitamin D should be added to the diet to realize the early domestication of the French pigs. The amount of feeding is based on the variety and the weight of the ginseng boar, which can be fed between 2.5 kg and 3 kg per day. For boars that are in the season of breeding or producing a large amount of semen, the requirement for feeding two eggs to supplement the protein after harvesting. Boar management 1. Feeded in a single lap. Five-month-old to six-month-old boars have been sexually mature and should be raised in a single circle to avoid cross-climbing, away from sows and breeding houses, and reduce boar masturbation. General boar area is between 6m2 and 9m2. 2. Suitable for exercise. Exercise is an indispensable measure to ensure boar libido. It can not only maintain the normal physiological metabolism of boars, increase the quantity and quality of semen, but also enable the uniform development of various parts of the body through exercise, improve boar fitness, and prevent Legs and feet disease, improve breeding ability. It is best that boars are active outdoors and can have light hours. Exercise is very important for French pigs. 3. Reasonable use. Breeding of boars should be planned. Boar use should be reasonably arranged according to age and physical condition. Back-up boars usually begin to collect sperm at 7 months of age, and begin to use more than 8 months of age and weighing more than 120 kg. Healthy The young boars collect sperm once a week and the adult boar can collect 2 times a week. The frequency of sperm collection must be regular, especially paying attention to boars that cannot be used excessively, otherwise it will affect the conception rate and the number of litters, and may cause boars. Loss of species value. 4. Prevent high temperatures. High temperatures can cause boar death. Generally, the maturation period of sperm is 7 weeks. Therefore, an increase in ambient temperature can cause long-term infertility and affect normal production. Water curtains, sprays, ventilation, and central air conditioning can be used to regulate the temperature in the boar to reach the optimum temperature for boars of 18°C ​​to 25°C. Boar semen The boar semen volume is between 200ml and 300ml. The amount of semen in Changbai is greater than that of other breeds. It can reach 400ml or more. The semen color is milky or gray and the semen density is 200 million/ml to 300 million/ml (using 721w spectrophotometry. Measured), deformity rate <2%. sow Estrus breeding 1. Estrus identification. The sows in the French line had obvious estrus symptoms, with swollen vulva, white mucous, dullness when pressed, ears standing upright, standing still, crawling across other sows, and boar crossing. When using boars, contact boars with sows, escort gilts that have not been estrus for a long time, and sows that have been weaned for more than 10 days to the boar with the boar, and conditionally feed some green forage. Try to avoid aphrodisiacs using hormone drugs. The sow aphrodisiac at any stage is less than that of normal sows. If you need to artificially induce estrus, it is best not to use estrogen, you can use PG600 (PMSG and HCG mixture). 2. The gilt breeding. To ensure that gilts have excellent reproductive capacity, they can be bred at 8 months of age and weighing 140 kg to 150 kg. In order to prevent the newly-raised sows from having fewer litters and affecting their own development and subsequent production, at least one love event should be allowed and the second or third event should be restocked. The second estrus escort had more than one 2-3 eggs per second than the first estrus, and the third estrus had more than one to 1.5 eggs per second than the second estrus. It is best to use gilts for breeding. 3. Timely breeding. Accurate breeding time can increase the conception rate and litter size of sows, and the timing depends on the ovulation time. After the egg is discharged, the fertilization capacity in the fallopian tube is 8 hours to 10 hours, and the time for the sperm to maintain fertilization is 24 hours. Hours ~ 48 hours, but before sperm fertilization in the uterus to take 6 hours ~ 8 hours to get energy, so it is best to try one day sooner or later, when the sow appeared immediately when the breed, an average of three sows per insemination, interval of 6 hours ~ 8 hours. When inseminating, the best boar can be in the vicinity of the sow exposure, pressure back artificial insemination, while the sow pus, the inner thigh or breast massage, fully stimulate the sorrow libido, is conducive to semen absorption, insemination The time should be the same as the natural mating time, usually 3 minutes to 7 minutes, that is, it is best to have 2 to 3 contractions to semen inhalation is appropriate, do not immediately after the completion of sperm extraction vas deferens, the end of the vas deferens after bending Within the infusion bottle, it is retained for 2 minutes to 3 minutes before it is removed, effectively preventing semen backflow. 4. Complete breeding records. Using the “GPS farm management information system†software to make detailed records of breeder breeding, delivery, weaning, etc., which can be selected for seed selection, and can clearly reflect the sow fertility rate, farrowing rate, etc., and timely detection of weaning. Long-term non-estrus sows or inseminated sows. 5. Optional. Applying the "GPS Pig Breeding Management Information System", according to the principle of staggering blood relationship, homogenous matching and heterogenous matching, formulate a matching scheme, each bloody boar must be mated with an equal number of sows. , and linked to the breeding work. Pregnancy management 1. Pre-pregnancy management (days 1 to 30 of pregnancy). The fertilized egg begins to adhere to the surface of the uterus from the 12th to the 14th day after sow fertilization, and is fully affiliated from the 18th to the 24th day. Therefore, feeding and management within one month after mating affects the implantation rate of the embryo, which affects litter size. number. Pre-pregnancy sows should reduce irritation (such as merging, etc.), avoid heat stress, and not whip chasing sows. Timely ventilation, clean and hygienic, feeding high-quality, mold-free and nutritious feed. Restricted feeding was used at this stage and the amount of feed was between 1.8 kg and 2.2 kg per day. After using the boar for 18 days to 24 days after mating, pregnant women were used for B-ultrasound for 30 days. Pregnancy, non-pregnant sows and empty sows were detected in time. 2. Management during the second trimester (31 to 84 days of pregnancy). In the second trimester, the body condition of the sow is mainly adjusted, and the amount of feeding is increased or decreased according to the sow's condition. The daily feeding amount is from 2.3 kg to 2.5 kg. In the second trimester of pregnancy, exercise should be intensified, and conditions can be sunburned to promote the formation of vitamin D, enhance physical fitness, and ensure successful delivery. 3. Late pregnancy management (85 days of pregnancy - delivery). Late pregnancy is a period of rapid fetal weight gain. During this period, the fetal weight gain accounts for more than two-thirds of the weight of the born fetus. At this time, the sow feed should be used. The daily feeding amount is 2.8 kg to 3.5. Kilograms, but the amount of feed should be gradually reduced in the week before delivery. Keep quiet surroundings and avoid mechanical damage, resulting in stillbirths and abortions. 4. Immunity and deworming. Before immunization and during pregnancy, immunizations are performed according to immunization procedures to prevent the occurrence of miscarriages, stillbirths, and mummies due to the development of reproductive disorders. This is very important for imported foreign SPF-negative breeders. The sows are dewormed before entering the delivery room to prevent ticks, cockroaches, locusts, etc. from infecting piglets. Sow management 1. Prepare before delivery. The delivery room is disinfected in advance, one week in the empty delivery room, the delivery room is cleaned, the equipment in the delivery room is inspected, and the delivery room is required to be dry, warm, sunny, and fresh air. Before entering the pigs, conduct another disinfection and prepare the condoms. The consignment utensils include: iodine for disinfection, infrared lamps, rags for cleaning pigs, ear numbers, cutting teeth, and broken pliers. The sows in the delivery room should be washed and disinfected, and especially the washing and disinfection of the breasts, buttocks, vulva and limbs. Estimated the expected date of birth. After statistics on the gestation period of the first litter, the legal system Changbai 116.01.94 days, the legal system Dabai 114.891.67 days, and the law system Pietrain 115.711.75 days. Department of St. Tesla 115.241.39 days. 2. Production. Care for newborn piglets at the time of childbirth to prevent false death of the piglets, crushed by death or death due to death or cold temperatures, and care for the sows so that the sows can be treated in a timely manner to prevent the occurrence of sows and piglets. Accidents, so when the antepartum gilts into the delivery room in advance to be established on duty system. When the sow's last teat is squeezed out of the milk, it may take 3 hours to 6 hours to leave the farrowing, so you must be ready to give birth. The sows should keep the delivery room quiet during delivery, so as to avoid stimulating the sows that are giving birth so that the sows do not have to be sows. Interruption of childbirth, resulting in stillbirth. For the piglets who cut teeth and break their tails, we must pay attention to the disinfection of the equipment and piglets. Before the piglets take the milk, we must disinfect the sow's breasts and squeeze the milk from the sow's teat out. The dying pigs should not give up their aid. After birth, the placenta and stillbirths should be cleared in time to ensure the clean environment in the delivery room. 3. Postpartum care (1) When the nursing piglets are born to 7-day-old, they must fix the teats, eat the colostrum in time, ensure that the weak ones occupy the first few nipples of the nursing sows, strengthen the heat preservation, and keep the piglets' heat preservation area at 30°C～33°C. The temperature in the heat preservation zone within 3 days cannot be lower than 28°C to ensure that the piglets are in a comfortable temperature. It is very important to control the temperature of the delivery room at 20°C～22°C. The foster piglets eat colostrum. Generally, the age of foster piglets should be the same as or similar to that of the nurses. When the post-producing piglets are fostered in the nests of the first-migration, they must be fostered in large groups. When the first-born piglets are fostered in nests, they must be picked. Small foster care in pigs. The foster sows must also have high milk yield, gentle temperament, slightly larger body size, good motherhood, strong disease resistance, and large feed intake. Within 12 hours of piglet birth, teeth should be cut and tail broken; 3 days of birth should be supplemented with selenium supplement and selenium supplement; iron should be fed for 5 days and water should be supplemented to promote digestive enzyme production in piglets and to establish intestinal microflora, which is beneficial to the weaning of piglets after weaning. Eating solid feeds reduces the stress caused by weaning; piglets can be castrated on the tenth or fifteenth day of birth, and strict sterilization is necessary to prevent infection. (2) Nursing Sows Nursing Guarantees Nursing sows have better appetite. Sows begin to reduce their feeds 5 to 7 days before their onset of labor. Gradually increase their feed after the birth and timely remove the leftovers in the sow's trough. 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