Key to realizing high-yield cultivation of winter rapeseed mechanized transplanting

Rapeseed transplanting is more conducive to increasing yield
From the perspective of agronomic development, the cultivation of rapeseed by means of seedling transplanting can make full use of the effective growth period before winter, and form a larger seedling before winter, which is conducive to the wintering of the seedlings and at the same time can make up for the shortage of the field. Adequate vegetative growth and increase rapeseed yield. In the early stage, seedlings can be used for seedlings, which can be used in time to make up for the shortage of the crops in the whole year, make full use of land resources, increase the multiple cropping index, increase production and increase income. From the current situation, the wintering rapeseed in the Yangtze River Basin in China is mainly planted by seedling transplanting. The main advantage of transplanting is that the planting quality is high and the yield per mu has certain advantages.

Winter rapeseed mechanical transplanting is still in the development stage
The core content of rapeseed production is mechanized sowing, mechanized seedling transplanting and harvesting. At present, China is still in the stage of development and testing in terms of mechanical transplanting and harvesting. The main seedling raising methods include seedling seedling raising, nutrient seedling raising and seedling raising.

Seedling seedlings are to spread rapeseed seeds directly on a flat seedbed. When the seedlings grow to a certain height, the seedlings and bare roots are pulled out and transplanted. There are two main methods of transplanting: one is transplanting naked seedlings, that is, the seedlings are directly taken out and the roots are exposed. The method is simple to transplant, and can be transplanted by using a semi-automatic transplanting machine, but the seedling period is longer. Another method is to transplant the nutrient clods at the roots. The damage to the roots of the seedlings is small, and the seedlings are quick after transplanting. However, since the soil blocks are irregular and fragile and easy to fall off, they can only be adapted for manual transplanting.

Nutritional seedlings are seeded in a regular shape of nutrient meal. When transplanting, the whole nutrient meal is taken out together. The roots of the seedlings are basically not damaged. After transplanting, the seedlings are basically not slowed down. It is suitable for transplanting with semi-automatic transplanting machinery. .

Plug seedlings are also a special way of raising seedlings, but the seedlings are easy to carry out factory-automatic seedlings. At present, special automatic seeding machines for plugs have been developed.

Key success factors for transplanting high-yield cultivation
The Ministry of Agriculture issued the "Mechanical Key Points of Rape Production" issued on March 19 this year. It authoritatively and systematically clarified that mechanized transplanting of rapeseed is an important technical route for the mechanization of rapeseed production. At the same time, it is proposed that the fields, seedlings, timing, density, etc. are mechanized by rapeseed. The key success factors for transplanting high-yield cultivation.

Daejeon quality requirements
The quality of cultivated land is directly related to the quality of mechanized planting operations. The transplanted field requires flatness, the surface is neat, fine and not rotten, the broken soil layer is larger than 8cm, and the broken soil rate is greater than 90%. Comprehensive soil soil fertility, sputum and other factors can be combined with rotary tillage and burying operations, apply appropriate amount of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and can be transplanted after appropriate control of pests and diseases.

Seedling preparation
The seedling height of rapeseed to be transplanted should be controlled within 15cm (3 leaves and 1 core is suitable), and if it is transplanted too high, it will produce seedlings and seedlings. Excessive parts can be removed without damaging the seedling core, and will not affect the survival and growth of rapeseed after transplanting.

The Agricultural Technology Station of Muyang Town, Fu'an City, Fujian Province has once conducted the “Experimental Study on Transplanting of Different Ages of Rape”. The results show that the yield of seedling transplanting is higher than that of large seedlings, because seedling transplanting has four major benefits: fast survival and high survival rate; rice fields can be used after harvesting in late rice, and no seedlings are occupied. The amount of seeding per mu can be increased accordingly, the utilization rate of seedlings can be improved; the chance of infection of pathogens in the seedbed can be reduced; the long-distance picking of vegetable seedlings can be saved, and labor can be saved.

However, it is not absolute that the seedling transplanting is more productive than the large and medium seedling transplanting. If the sowing period is postponed, under low temperature conditions, the seedlings have weak resistance, which is not conducive to long seedlings; while the large seedlings are transplanted, because they accumulate more nutrients, it is beneficial to winter after transplanting. To this end, transplanting large and small seedlings, what is better, according to different regions, different varieties, especially the sowing date, depending on the appropriate, can not be consistent.

Transplanting density
High-yield cultivation of rapeseed must improve the quality of individuals and groups on the basis of appropriate groups, and achieve high yields by increasing pods, increasing grain and gaining weight. At the current cultivation level, the density of high-yield rapeseed cultivation is about 8,000. Although the density is too low, it can promote the growth of individuals, but it affects the quality of the population, which is not conducive to high yield. If the density is too high, the quality of individuals and groups is poor, and high yield is not obtained. According to the agronomic experience, the row spacing is 40cm and the plant spacing is 20cm, which is conducive to the robust growth of plants and easy management of field fertilization and pest control.

Transplant timing
The experiment of "Impact of rooting power during rapeseed transplanting period" conducted by Guizhou Oil Research Institute showed that the hybrid rapeseed transplanted in mid-to-late October had higher root temperature and faster rooting, and the new roots were mostly winter. Pre-growth laid a good foundation; the rapeseed planted after November, the above indicators were significantly reduced. Of course, the time of rapeseed transplanting can be different from the climate differences, but it is generally from October 25th to November 10th, and no later than November 15th.

How to choose rape transplanter
At present, many units in China are engaged in the research work of rapeseed transplanting machines, and the planting machines developed and promoted are basically semi-automatic models. In the transplanting process, the seedlings are firstly fed to the transplanting mechanism by hand, and then the equipment is used to complete the work of ditching, seedling, seedling, soil covering and repression. The main supporting power is a walking tractor or a small tractor.

At present, the 2ZQ-4 rapeseed transplanting machine developed by Nantong Fulawei Agricultural Equipment Co., Ltd. has been an ideal model and the first commercial rapeseed transplanting machine in China. Its main performance indicators: 5% seedling rate, 5% planting rate, 4% replanting rate, 5% seeding rate, 7% 7%, 3% seedling rate, planting frequency / (min·row) ≧35, the planting pass rate is ≧90%. This model adopts independent unit hanging structure, which is especially convenient to use and repair. It can realize multi-row transplanting of 2-7 rows; adopt special opening device, advanced covering device; no damage to seedlings, seedling uprightness Good, high survival rate. Both the naked seedlings and the carcass seedlings can be transplanted, and the row spacing and plant spacing can be adjusted. It integrates various functions such as ditching, planting, covering soil, repression, watering and fertilization, and its working efficiency is 5 to 10 times that of artificial transplanting. At present, it has passed the technical promotion appraisal of Jiangsu Province. In the second half of 2007, Fulaiwei's 2ZQ-4 rapeseed transplanting machine was planted in Haimen, Hubei Tianmen, Hubei Qianjiang, Wuhan Jiangxia and other places, and the operational efficiency, survival rate and wintering ability all achieved the expected results.

In addition to the above factors, the realization of winter rapeseed mechanized transplanting and high-yield cultivation is also very important for the variety, planting scale, fertilizer and water management, and government policy guidance and support measures. It is imperative to develop a suitable rapeseed transplanting machine, take the road of combining agricultural machinery and agronomy, and regard the rapeseed mechanized transplanting and high-yield cultivation as a systematic project.