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Non-pesticide control method for vegetable pests and diseases
Not applying pesticides to prevent and control vegetable pests and diseases not only reduces the pesticide pollution of vegetables and reduces costs, but also helps to produce pollution-free vegetables and develops the export trade of vegetables. Now its technology is introduced as follows: First, the physical measures to prevent pests 1, drying seeds, soaking in warm soup, soaking in salt water before sowing, choose sunny vegetables seeds sun for 2-3 days, can use the sun to kill the bacteria attached to the seed surface, Reduce the incidence. Seeds of melons and solanaceous vegetables are soaked in warm water of 55°C for 10-15 minutes. Seeds of legumes and cruciferous vegetables are soaked in warm water of 40-50°C for 10-15 minutes. Prevent disease on the seedling stage. Leaching leguminous seeds with 10% saline for 10 minutes can remove and kill the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and nematode eggs mixed in the seeds to prevent the occurrence of sclerotinia and nematode diseases. 2. The commonly used method for high-temperature sterilization of solar energy is the high-temperature stuffy shed of vegetable greenhouses. In the summer and autumn seasons, using the idle period of greenhouses, a greenhouse covered with plastic sheds is used to seal the greenhouses. The high-temperature boring sheds are selected on sunny days for 5-7 days so that the maximum temperature in the shed can reach 60-70°C, effectively killing the sheds and the soil surface. Germs and pests. 3, high-temperature compost to kill bacteria and insect pests 1 to 2 months before application can be fertilized water wet, accumulation and strict plastic film, make it fully fermented and decomposed, during the fermentation period of the heap temperature up to about 70 °C, can be effective To kill pests and diseases. And after the fertilizer is applied into the shed, no harmful phenomena such as vegetable root burning and toxic gas damage will occur. Second, the cultivation measures to prevent pests and diseases 1, rotation and cleaning of the rotation of various vegetables in the garden for more than 2-4 years of crop rotation, have a significant effect of reducing and reducing pests and diseases, and there is a significant increase in production. All the sick and sick fruits are brought out of the shed, destroyed or buried deeply, which can reduce the number of diseases. 2, the implementation of ridge cultivation and plastic film mulching vegetables greenhouse ridge cultivation, mulching, both to facilitate the film under the ditch watering, reduce soil evaporation, reduce greenhouse air humidity, inhibit the occurrence of vegetable diseases and development, but also to prevent soil transfer The spread of germs reduces the occurrence of diseases. Third, the ecological environment prevention and control of vegetables pests and diseases Ecological control method is the use of vegetables and bacteria growth and development of different environmental requirements, to create a conducive to the growth of vegetables and development of diseases and pests in favor of the development of ecological and environmental conditions. For example, downy mildew, gray mold, and powdery mildew, the bacteria do not occur or occur slowly at temperatures above 32°C and relative humidity below 80%. The suitable photosynthetic temperature of thermophilic vegetables is 18-28°C, and 70%-80% of photosynthetic capacity is completed at 8-12 am. Therefore, in the ecological environment, we can use the morning as early as possible to expel grasshoppers, extend the lighting time, and pay attention to proper ventilation so that the temperature of the shed is not higher than 28°C and the humidity is not higher than 80%. After closing the shed in the afternoon, the temperature of the greenhouse was raised to 33°C in a short period of time to suppress the occurrence and development of germs at a high temperature.