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Since the first report of the genetic transformation of plants in 1983, transgenic technology has been widely used. People have used transgenic technology and have successfully cultivated many new plant varieties. They have also been promoted and applied in the production of Datian, and have obtained great economic and social benefits. So far, more than 100 plant target genes have been isolated and nearly 200 transgenic plants have been obtained. Nearly a thousand transgenic plants have been approved for field trials. More than 50 plants are involved. 48 GM plant varieties have been approved for commercial production. Currently, there are 25 kinds of transgenic agricultural products such as corn, cotton, peanut, rapeseed, rice, soybean, sunflower, tomato, and wheat. There will be as many as 28 transgenic crops listed in the next six years. According to estimates by relevant UN agencies, adoption of biotechnology will enable half of the world’s hungry people to receive adequate food by 2015, which will reduce the current 800 million hungry population to 400 million and food production by 10% to 20% in the next 17 years. The research and development of transgenic plants in China have achieved remarkable results. The types of plants being researched and developed have been continuously expanded, and the transgenic traits involved have been broadened. Such as improving the photosynthetic efficiency of rice, solving the problem that rice endosperm cannot synthesize vitamin A, enhancing the comprehensive ability to resist harsh environment such as drought, salt and alkali, cold resistance, etc., greatly increasing the relative content of soybean oleic acid and cultivating resistance to verticillium wilt and blight. GM cotton and so on. In genetic manipulation, our country is working to transfer multiple genes that regulate different traits into the same receptor. At present, a number of genetically modified agricultural biotechnologies in China have been transformed and used, and the GM agricultural products industry has begun to take shape. Although China has achieved very good results, in terms of overall technology, there are still many difficulties in the excavation, high-frequency regeneration, high-frequency transformation, and high-efficiency expression of genes with independent intellectual property rights in China, especially for some major crops. Gynotype obstacles in technical operations, as well as non-screening techniques for improving safety, have become bottlenecks in development and genetic improvement applications. In the period of grasping opportunities for development, strengthen the work of plant genetically modified plants and cultivate new varieties of crops that are of high quality, high yield, high efficiency, and safety, can adjust the structure of agriculture and rural economy, increase the income of farmers, maintain the basic balance between supply and demand of agricultural products, and increase the international competitiveness of agricultural products. . Therefore, experts suggest that the current research on genetically modified plants in China should consider the following aspects:
In the study of transgenic plants, herbicide-resistance transgenes should be targeted primarily to herbicides that are short-lived and environmentally "mild" and that are not easily leached in the soil and are broad-spectrum herbicidal, especially non-toxic to humans. Or very toxic type of herbicide; insect-resistant transgenic plants should have a clear goal and no pollution to the environment; disease-resistant transgenic plants must not only be resistant to viruses, but also antifungal, bacterial diseases; anti-reverse gene plants should be At the same time, it can resist cold, drought, salt, etc.; and improve the quality of transgenic plants to be able to improve product yield and flavor. Explore new high-resistance genes to achieve efficient and versatile expression of foreign genes.
To breed more resistant varieties, such as the use of herbicide resistance genes in combination with other resistance gene plasmids such as resistance genes, pest resistance, genes that increase agronomic traits or product flavors, and breed high-resistance and high-quality varieties.
The transfer of biological stress resistance to abiotic stress resistance.
The transfer of resistance to quality yield traits.
The use of genetically modified plants as bioreactors is expected to harvest large amounts of pharmaceutical proteins in farmland.
Plant transgenic technology can increase farmers' income
Plant genetic improvement by means of transgenic technology is a major component of agricultural biotechnology. In the past 10 years, the plant transgenic research has made remarkable achievements and provided conditions for the sustainable development of agriculture.