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(A) Morphological characteristics and varieties Evergreen or semi-evergreen shrubs, plant height 0.5 to 2 meters in the pot, in the subtropical region can grow to more than 6 meters. Stems are upright and smooth, with soft texture, hollow pith, and milk throughout the body. Leaves alternate, ovate-ovate to broadly lanceolate, 10 cm to 15 cm long. During flowering, the internodes on the top of the branches are shortened, and red bracts are clustered on top of them. The bracts radiate outwards. The bracts are similar to the leaves, but they are narrow and are the main viewing sites. The florets were born in the cup-shaped inflorescences in the center of the sepals. The male and female plants were different in the same plant. The female flowers were single in the center of the inflorescence, and the majority of the male flowers had no tepals. In fact, because the female flower blooms earlier than the male flower and the flowering period lasts from December to March of the following year, the potted area is often not strong, as shown in Figure 3-18.
There are many horticultural varieties of poinsettia, and the new tetraploid species cultivated in recent years have higher ornamental value than the original diploid, with thick stems, wide leaves and "flowers". In terms of species classification, the height of stems can be divided into high type (preferably cut flowers) and dwarf type (preferably potted plants); early flower species (flowering in mid- and late November) and intermediate species (early December blooming) ) and late flower species (flowering in mid-December). At present, it is generally adopted to classify the color of loquat leaves. It is roughly divided into red peony, whitefly, white pheasant and double poinsettia.
(ii) Ecological habits Poinsettia originates from Mexico and Central America. It is warm and humid in nature, and it is not tolerant to cold. The suitable temperature for growth is 20 C during the day and 15 C during the night. When the temperature dropped to 10 C, it began to fall into leaves and hibernate. After the temperature rose, new shoots sprouted on the side branches, and the flowering temperature was not lower than 15 C. Therefore, cold areas in winter are used for greenhouse cultivation. Poinsettia is a typical short-day positive plant that can undergo flower bud differentiation under short daylight conditions. It is not tolerant to yin. In the summer when high temperature and strong light, it is necessary to prevent direct light and increase air humidity to reduce yellowing of leaves and avoid plant bases. Take off your feet." The soil is not strict, resistant to drought, thin, but hi acidic soil, PH5.5 ~ PH6 is most suitable for growth.
(c) The breeding method mainly uses cutting propagation. After poinsettia blooms, it enters a semi-dormant state. To take the cuttings, place the plants in a 2C to 3C environment and keep them dry. By March, increase the temperature and watering, break the dormancy, remove the plants, remove some of the old roots and basin soil, change the fertile new soil, fill the water, and place it in a room with higher temperature to promote longevity. From April to May, you can use the cuttings. The cutting period is decided by the cultivation purpose. If it is cut flower cultivation, the cutting period should be earlier than that of the potted plants. Generally, it can be carried out from late April to late July. Potted plants are more suitable for cuttings in July due to premature cuttings, long growing seasons, long branches, and high plant height, which reduces the ornamental value. If the cuttings were later than August, they could bloom in winter, but the sepals were short and the ornamental value was reduced. In the spring, cuttings from old shoots that have not germinated can also be used to cut old branches into 10 cm to 12 cm cuttings, inserted into a dry matrix, and watered again after 1 day to stop the outflow of the wound milk in a dry state.
Twig cuttings, before mining, must control the watering, so that basin soil to maintain a slightly dry state, inhibit the growth of shoots, make its tissue full, is conducive to the survival of cuttings. Cuttings generally use the top branch with a growing point, which is easier to root than the branch below, and has a high survival rate and a well-developed root system. The cutting length is usually 12 cm to 15 cm, or 4 to 5 leaves. The cutting position of the cutting base has a clear relationship with the survival rate of cuttings. According to experiments, the shear rate at the festival is higher than that at the internode. Cut the leaves from the lower part of the cutting strips by 2 to 3 pieces, and retain the above 2 to 3 pieces. Immediately after cutting, the cuttings should be soaked in clean water. The first is to prevent withering, and the second is to dilute the milk secreted by the scissors. Soaking time l ~ 2 hours, should not be too long, then insert the matrix, cutting depth of about 1/2 of the length of the cutting.
Substrate can be generally used vermiculite, perlite, pure river sand or garden soil Gaza. After pouring for the first time, it should be filled with enough water. After the watering, it should not be too much. You can spray water 1 or 2 times a day on the leaf surface. Pay attention to the shade and need proper ventilation. Water, high temperature, and non-flowing air are the main causes of decay at the base of cuttings. In the condition of 15 C to 20 C, rooting was started in 1 week after transplantation, and transplanting was carried out in 3 to 4 weeks.
(d) Cultivation techniques The roots of poinsettia are more sensitive to moisture, temperature, oxygen, and fertilizer concentrations. Basin soil is usually made of garden soil, rot leaf soil and compost soil. Generally, the proportion is 2 for garden soil, 1 for leaf and 1 for compost soil. After inserting the seedlings, the seedlings must be shaded for 5 to 7 days before giving sufficient sunlight. After 3 to 4 weeks of growth, it can be picked up and counted from the base, leaving 4 to 5 leaves to cut off the branches to make 3 to 4 side branches to form a pot with 3 to 5 flower heads. Plants.
Poinsettia cultivation techniques
Euphorbia pulherrima is also known as Christmas flower, orangutan, and ivory red. Euphorbiaceae, a major genus, is a famous potted flower. Its natural flowering period on the eve of New Year's Day and Christmas, with its unique and splendid color, for the Hall Museum shine, so that the greenhouse color. Due to the long viewing period, combined with easy cultivation, less pests and diseases, potted plants, cut flowers are all appropriate, is everyone's favorite winter interior decoration flowers. It is widely cultivated all over the world. In addition to Fujian, Yunnan and other provinces, it can be cultivated in the open country, and other places are used for greenhouse cultivation.