Vitamins:
Vitamin A:
Retinol. Carotene compounds responsible for transmitting light sensation in the
retina of the eye. Deficiency leads to night blindness.
Beta carotene: An
antioxidant which protects cells against oxidation damage that can lead to cancer.
Beta carotene is converted, as needed, to vitamin A. Food sources of beta
carotene include vegetables such as carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach and other
leafy green vegetables; and fruit such as cantaloupes and apricots. Excessive
carotene in the diet can temporarily yellow the skin, a condition called
carotenemia, commonly seen in infants fed largely mushed carrots.
Vitamin B1:
Thiamin, acts as a coenzyme in body metabolism. Deficiency leads to beriberi, a
disease of the heart and nervous system.
Vitamin B2:
Riboflavin, essential for the reactions of coenzymes. Deficiency causes
inflammation of the lining of the mouth and skin.
Vitamin B3:
Niacin, an essential part of coenzymes of body metabolism. Deficiency causes
inflammation of the skin, vagina, rectum and mouth, as well as mental slowing.
Vitamin B6:
Pyridoxine, a cofactor for enzymes. Deficiency leads to inflammation of the
skin and mouth, nausea, vomiting, dizziness , weakness and anemia.
Folate (folic
acid): Folic acid is an important factor in nucleic acid synthesis (the genetic
material). Folate deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia.
Vitamin B12: An
essential factor in nucleic acid synthesis (the genetic material of all cells).
Deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia, as can be seen in pernicious anemia.
Vitamin C:
Ascorbic acid, important in the synthesis of collagen, the framework protein
for tissues of the body. Deficiency leads to scurvy, characterized by fragile
capillaries, poor wound healing, and bone deformity in children.
Vitamin D: A
steroid vitamin which promotes absorption and metabolism of calcium and
phosphorus. Under normal conditions of sunlight exposure, no dietary
supplementation is necessary because sunlight promotes adequate vitamin D
synthesis in the skin. Deficiency can lead to osteomalacia in adults and bone
deformity (rickets) in children.
Vitamin E:
Deficiency can lead to anemia.
Vitamin K: An
essential factor in the formation of blood clotting factors. Deficiency can
lead to abnormal bleeding.
Nutritions:
For the treatment
of nutritional disease, any of the nutrient-related diseases and conditions
that cause illness in humans. They may include deficiencies or excesses in the
diet, obesity and eating disorders, and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular
disease, hypertension, cancer, and diabetes mellitus. Nutritional diseases also
include developmental abnormalities that can be prevented by diet, hereditary
metabolic disorders that respond to dietary treatment, the interaction of foods
and nutrients with drugs, food allergies and intolerances, and potential
hazards in the food supply. All of these categories are described in this
article. For a discussion of essential nutrients, dietary recommendations, and
human nutritional needs and concerns throughout the life cycle, see nutrition,
human.
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1. Dormancy period (February to March): In addition to doing a good job in pruning during this period, the following work should also be done:
In early March, the whole park sprayed 70% Daqingyuan or Bomei 3--5 degree lime sulfur once. Elimination of whitefly, red spider and powdery mildew, anthrax, and black fungus.
2. Mix white lime sulfur with water and add white to the trunk (white height is not more than 20cm so as not to damage branch shoots) to prevent black hornbills from spawning at the base of trunk.
3, deep turn the tree plate, apply enough organic fertilizer. Each plant should be applied to more than 20kg of organic fertilizer, 2kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and 1kg of magnesium sulfate and ferrous sulfate.
Second, the bud ---- early flowering period (4-May): green jujube began to grow and blossom. The main diseases are powdery mildew. The insect pests include red spider, Chinese dateworm, small white moth, and whitefly. Main spraying: 25% Nissorene, 4.5% Beta-cypermethrin (or 2.5% enemies), 40% Phosphorus and 40% Fuxing (or 15% Triadimefon), and 12.5% ​​betalizole. Each time the first and the second month of each month, the medicine is sprayed once.
Third, full bloom ---- fruit period (June to August): This is the rainy season in Yunnan. The main diseases are: anthrax, black spot disease and so on. Pests are mainly Zaojiao, jujube mythimbus, jujube leafhoppers and so on.
1. Fungicides are mainly used: 10% Shigao, 12.5% ​​beniconazole, 40% Dakkonin (chlorothalonil), 80% Dashengfu, 70% thiophanate-methyl, and 0.5% sterling.
2. Pesticides are mainly used: 4.5% beta cypermethrin (or 2.5% enemy kill), 20% extinction, etc.
3. There are foliar fertilizers: borax, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, urea, chemical fertilizer, and green tea.
4, growth hormone: plant dragon, Yunda -120,481 and so on.
Fourth, the young fruit expansion period: This time the main disease is powdery mildew, the insect is red spider. It is a critical period for the prevention and control of pests and diseases.
1, fungicides are mainly used: 40% Fuxing, 15% Triadimefon, 10% Shigao, 70% thiophanate-methyl, 12.5% ​​betalizole.
2. Insecticides are mainly used: 20% extermination, 75% Acanthate, 25% Nissoline.
3, foliar fertilizer, growth stimulant ibid.
V. Pre-maturity and fruit-picking period (November to January): There are few insect pests in this period, only the spider mites are harmful. The disease has powdery mildew and black spot. The main drugs used were: 73% Ketete, 12.5% ​​betalizole, 40% Fuxing, 70% thiophanate-methyl, 80% Dashengfu, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Attachment: Annual drug list
(1) March: 70% Daqing Park 300 times (or 3--5 degree lime sulfur). The whole garden is sprayed once.
(2) April 5: 15% triadimefon 1000 times liquid + 4.5% beta-cypermethrin 1000 times.
(3) April 20th: 10% Shigao water dispersible granules 3000 times liquid + 2.5% enemy kill milk EC 3000 times.
(4) May 5: 40% Fuxing EC 8000 times + Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500 times + Urea 300 times + 40% Phosphorus EC 1000 times + 25% Nisaolar 2000 times.
(5) May 20th: 12.5% ​​benomyzole EC 2000--3000 times + 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC 1000 times + chemical fertilizer (or Tian Xiucai No. 6 and Lvjingbao) + 40% chlorate EC 1000 times liquid.
(6) June 5: 80% of WP WP 600 + +10% of WS Water Dispersible Granule 1500 times + Plant Dragon (or 481).
(7) June 20th: 40% Dakkonin (chlorothalonil) suspension 500 times + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500 times + green eucalyptus (or chemical fertilizer) + 20% chlorimethanol 2000 times.
(8) July 5: 10% Shigao water dispersible granules 1500 times liquid + magnesium sulfate 500 times liquid + borax 500 times liquid.
(9) July 15: 10% Shigao Water Dispersible Granules 1500 times liquid +12.5% ​​Birnampheflozacin EC 2000--3000 times liquid + Lunbao.
(10) July 25th: 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times liquid + 80% Dashengfu suspension 800 times liquid + plant dragon (or 481, Yunda-120) + 2.5% dichlorvos 2000 Double fluid.
(11) August 5th: 40% Dakkonin (chlorothalonil) suspension 500 times + borax 500 times + 2.5% dichlorvos 2000 times.
(12) August 15th: 10% Shigao water dispersible granules 1500 times liquid + Lubao (or chemical fertilizers) + 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC 1000 times.
(13) August 25th: 40% Fuxing EC 8000x + 0.5% Sterling 600x Liquid + Plant Dragon.
(14) September 5: 12.5% ​​of benomyzazole EC 2000--3000 times + magnesium sulfate 500 times + 25% Nisoxau EC 2000 times + urea 300 times.
(15) September 15: 15% triadimefon WP 1000 times + 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times + borax 500 times liquid + 0.5% Streliant 600 times liquid + 25% Ni Solange EC 2000 times.
(16) September 25: 40% Fuxing EC 8000 times + Urea 300 times + 73% Kete EC 2000 times + Ferrous Sulfate 500 times.
(17) October 5th: 15% triadimefon 1000 times liquid + 73% Ketel EC 2000 times + Green Scorpion (or fertilizer) + 0.5% Sterling Aqueous 600 times.
(18) October 20: 40% Fuxing Emulsion 8000 times liquid + plant dragon + 500% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
(19) November 5: 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times + chloranthrene + 73% chlordecone 2000 times.
(20) November 20th: 80% Dashengfu suspension 800 times + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 300 times + 1/25% chlorimazole 2000-3000 times.
From December to January: fruit harvesting and fruit sales.
February: pruning, fertilizing.
(Note: Phosphorus is an organophosphorus pesticide and cannot be arbitrarily increased in concentration to avoid phytotoxicity)
Zhang Yongping (Honghe Agricultural College, Yunnan 661100)
Taiwan Green Jujube Pest Control Periodic Table
The introduction of Taiwanese jujube cultivation in Yunnan takes only three to four years and has grown to a scale of several thousand acres. However, many fruit growers still lack experience in the prevention and control of pests and diseases, resulting in serious pests and diseases, which not only affect the quality of Taiwan's jujube, but also cause an unrequited harvest. A periodic table of pest control of green dates in Taiwan is proposed. for reference.