The pollution-free cultivation of Vitex negundo
Vitis chinensis, also known as Jingzi and Manjingzi, is a single-leafed species of Verbenaceae. Use ripe fruits for medicine. There are scattered wind-heat, head effect; governance cold headache, nervous headache, dizziness, two head pain, supraorbital neuralgia, pediatric convulsions, muscle neuralgia, bronchitis, rheumatism embolism. Viticis is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine. The national annual needs 60-100 million kilograms, due to the reduction of wild resources, artificial cultivation is developing slowly. In recent years, it has been under-selling and has become a popular seller in the market. The main production of Jiangxi, Shandong, Anhui, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian, Hunan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other regions. Viburnum is a deciduous shrub with a plant height of 2-3 meters or more. More branches, upright. Old branches are gray and twigs are purplish. Leaves opposite, ovate or obovate, entire, shortly stalked, leaf surface green, grayish white tomentose on abaxial surface. Panicles, terminal, corolla purple, near-lip. Berries are small, spherical, green when tender, brownish when cooked. Stamens stayed in a bell-shaped flower, and most of the fruit was recovered. It has a special aroma. It is dry and grayish black and hard. Seeds 4, gray. Flowering season from June to July. Fruit ripening period from August to September. The ecological characteristics are mostly wild on the deserted beach on the waterfront, lakes and rivers, with strong adaptability, wind and sand fixation, and lax environmental requirements. Hi plenty of sunlight, high temperature, more drought, seedlings afraid of embarrassment. Strict requirements on the soil, stronger salt and alkaline resistance. All sandy lands and saline-alkali lands with loose soil and no water can be planted. However, it is best cultivated on sandy beaches with deep soil and poor growth in acidic soils. Soil preparation and soil preparation. The riverbanks, beach wastelands, ponds, slopes, barren hills, roadsides, and houses in front of the houses were planted in Xiangyang. It is not necessary to plough the soil, but dig holes to transplant them. Except for nursery grounds, it is not used for earthworms. The seedlings were selected for fine sandy land, and 1500-2000 kg of fertilizer was applied per acre. Deep plowing 21-34 centimeters, plowing and leveling, making 130 centimeters wide sorghum, horizontal trenches 30-40 centimeters apart, 7 centimeters deep. The sowing footage is about 13 cm. When the ground is dry, it is filled with water and soaked when the water seeps and the topsoil is slightly dry. Second, the breeding method. With seed propagation and cutting propagation, nursery transplanting. 1. Seed-reproduction When autumn fruits ripen, they should be harvested, mixed with slightly wet sand (with 1:2 ratio of fruit and sand), and be stored in a cool and ventilated room. The seeds should be sown in the following year from March to April. Before sowing, select mature fruits to remove the skin on the stone plate, then soak it in water of 40°C for a day and night, remove and dry it slightly, and spread the seeds in the whole nursery gutter (5-6kg per acre). Cover The ash and fine soil of the human and animal waste water mixed with 2-3 cm thick, and then cover the grass. After sowing, special attention should be paid to watering. In the event of a drought, it will lose its germination power. After about 30-40 days, germination begins and the cover grass is removed. After the emergence of the seedlings, pay attention to grass and fertilizer. Fertilizers are mainly human and animal waste water, and can also be increased by applying urea. After one year of cultivation, the seedlings generally grow to a height of about 30 cm and they can be transplanted. 2. Cut propagation for 2-3 months cuttings, the same preparation and seeding. Use 2-3-year-old shoots with a diameter of about 0.5-1 centimeters and cut about 30 centimeters of cuttings with 2-3 nodes. On the rafts, a horizontal groove of 33 centimeters in length, 17 centimeters deep, 15 pieces of treaty are placed in each ditch, leans against the side of the ditch, and the soil is pressed tightly, and then the soil is flush with the surface. Half a month or so can be rooted. After inserting, special attention should be paid to watering, and cultivating and weeding and top dressing should be managed in parallel. After six months to one year, you can transplant them. Places with better conditions can also be cut directly. Colonization management, colonization. Transplant before germination in the spring. Choose to go through rain or rainy days. Dig a hole about 0.7-1m in each row and a depth of about 35cm. Use a compost to mix the ground and the soil. Then transplant the seedlings into the hole, plant 2-3 plants per hole, fill the soil, and then cover the soil. Slightly higher than the surface, full of water. Second, field management. Each year we combine cultivating and weeding top dressing 3 times. The first time before the spring leaves, the second time in June, the third time in the winter, parallel soil. Top dressing is applied after each cultivation and weeding. The initial stage is human and animal waste water, which promotes fast growth and more branches. After the flowering results, the superphosphate and the compost piled up in winter can be used to dig nests and cover the soil. After the plants have been sealed, they should be topped in time. In winter, the long branches, dead branches and the resulting branch shoots should be cut off in order to promote multi-fruiting and short fruit branches and increase yield. Pest control, blowing and rolling. The nymphs and female adults colonize young shoots, young leaves, and young fruit to absorb sap. In severe cases, the whole plant may die. Control methods: 1 weeding soil and weeding, improve ventilation and light conditions, can reduce the harm; 2 winter spray 8-10 times rosin mixture to kill the overwhelming insect mouth; 3 disease period with 40% dimethoate emulsion spray 1000 times , it is best to control during the incubation period. Second, dodder silk. The pathogen is Japanese dodder seed, which is a full-parasitic seed plant with strong fertility. After being entangled, Vitex quinquefolius sucks its nutrients to yellow the leaves, impede growth and development, and when the plants are severe, they die. According to our control trials, we can use the following methods to treat: 1 thoroughly remove the seeds of Dodder seed before sowing; 2 spray 250 g of 6% glyphosate before Cuscuta flowering. Harvesting and processing of single-leaf infestation with cuttings for 1-2 years is the result of planting; results for 2-3 years after seed propagation are planted. In August-September, the fruit can be harvested from green to yellow-brown, dried or dried, sieved to remove branches and impurities. The per mu produce 150 kilograms of dried fruit, the high output can reach 250 kilograms, the output value is 3600-7500 yuan. The product quality is dry, the grain is full, no impurities, no mold becomes qualified; the grain is big, plump, strong smell is high quality.