ACS Nano: Scientists use biomarkers from urine for early cancer screening

Release date: 2017-03-13

Recently, researchers from the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology in Korea have developed a new technology that can effectively identify substances that promote cancer in urine or blood. Related research published in the international magazine ACS Nano on. In the article, the researchers developed an integrated centrifugal microfluidic platform (Exodisc) that separates extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the urine.

Researchers hope that this technology could be used in clinical equipment to detect extracellular vesicle-based biomarkers in urine for cancer diagnosis; extracellular vesicles are a cell-derived nanovesicle structure that It is only 40-1000 nanometers in size and exists in almost all types of body fluids. At the same time, extracellular vesicles play a key role in cell-to-cell communication, and can also be involved in the regulation of the transport of biological signals that regulate multiple cellular functions. Although researchers have increased extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases, current methods for isolating and analyzing extracellular vesicles often require long and complex processes, such as a frequent use. The method of separating extracellular vesicles, ultracentrifugation, requires multiple time-consuming steps, including centrifugation, and also requires a larger sample size, but in the end, purity and yield are often lower.

To overcome these limitations, the researchers have developed a fast, size-selective, new platform structure that efficiently separates and analyzes nanometer-sized extracellular vesicle structures from original biological samples, such as cell culture. The supernatant or the urine of a cancer patient. Researcher Dr. Hyun-Kyung Woo said that the new platform Exodisc consists of two separate filter units (20 nm and 600 nm, respectively) that can simultaneously process two different samples through the disc chip. By rotating, the urine sample can be transferred through two integrated nanofilters, thereby enriching the extracellular vesicle structure of the urine in the range of 20-600 nm.

The size of the pores in the nanoporous filter in the platform can be arbitrarily set, thereby enabling efficient separation of nanometer-sized vesicle structures from pathogenic bacteria or unnecessary proteins. The researcher Professor Cho pointed out that using the Exodisc platform, we The extracellular vesicles in the original sample can be separated within 30 minutes, and the filtration by centrifugal force is completely automated, which can effectively enrich the extracellular vesicle structure.

In this study, the team tested clinical samples by separating extracellular vesicles from the urine of bladder cancer patients, and they used the desktop-sized centrifugal microsomal system to complete the study, so the researchers Automated enrichment of extracellular vesicles in the urine at 20-600 nm in 30 minutes; the investigator Vijaya Sunkara pointed out that ELISA can be performed using extracellular vesicles isolated from the body of bladder cancer patients. High levels of expression of CD9 and CD81 were found, suggesting that this approach may be used in clinical studies to help detect extracellular vesicle-based biomarkers in urine for the diagnosis of cancer.

Finally, the researchers said that we are currently conducting in-depth research to determine whether we can determine the various diseases including cancer by analyzing the collected nanoparticles. We hope that the equipment developed in this paper can help advance the current tumor. Biology-related research and accelerated the development of individualized therapies using extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy techniques.

Source: Bio Valley

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