Apricot tree cultivation and management techniques

1. Soil Management

1.1 deep flip

Fall deep 20cm in autumn, maintain soil permeability, enhance fertilizer and water storage performance, improve fertility, is conducive to the growth of the root system.

1.2 Cultivated weeding

The purpose of cultivating and weeding is to loosen the soil surface, cut off the capillaries, reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, and play a role in protecting the weeds and preventing weeds from competing with the weeds. Generally, they are applied after irrigation in the fruit fields, and the depth is about 10cm.

1.3 Intercropping of young apricot garden

Apricot trees were planted for the first 3 years with large ground gaps. They can effectively use the ground between rows and grow intercrops. Intercrop crops are suitable for dwarf crops, and do not affect the normal growth of saplings. The inter-crop crops maintain a certain distance from the apricot trees to avoid competing with young trees for water and sunlight.

1.4 apricot cover

In the apricot tree canopy covered with grass, straw, deciduous, plastic film, etc., can inhibit the growth of weeds, reduce soil water loss, play a role in the protection. After 1-2 years of rot, combined with deep-buried soil buried underground, the content of organic matter in the soil can be greatly increased.

2. Fertilization

Reasonable fertilization can promote the growth of the tree robust, flower bud differentiation, increase the proportion of complete flowers, increase the fruit setting rate, reduce fruit drop, extend the results of years, so that the apricot yield, stable production.

2.1 basal fertilizer

Mainly organic fertilizer, combined with a small amount of diammonium, in the fall to open people.

2.2 Dressing

According to the needs of apricot tree growth results. After flowering in spring and after fruit setting, fertilizers were topdressed twice, mainly with urea, combined with a small amount of diammonium, and opened shallow furrows to promote fruit set and fruit development. Foliar spraying fertilizer.

2.3 fertilization method

The apricot tree has a strong root system with a wide and deep distribution. The fertilization should be slightly deeper, and the depth is generally 40-60cm. Shi Nong's home fat is applied deeply, and dressing can be slightly shallow. The semi-annular groove or radial groove fertilization method is often used, and fertilization is performed alternately in the periphery of the crown on both sides of the row each year. Generally, the annual farmer's fertilizer is 10-100kg/plant, and the chemical fertilizer is 0.3-1kg/plant.

3. Irrigation

Irrigation should pay attention to several key periods, take irrigation ditching, and avoid flooding.

Percolate is poured before apricot sprouts. To meet the water needed for flowering and foliage growth. After flowering and during the fruit expansion period, water permeation was performed to increase fruit setting rate and fruit quality. Irrigation once 20 days before fruit ripening will help improve yield and quality. However, during the fruit ripening stage, no irrigation or less irrigation should be performed to avoid falling fruit and fruit cracking. Combined with the base fertilizer, once the frozen water is poured, it is beneficial to the safe apricot tree wintering.

4. Shaping

Natural round head shape is often used in production. This tree shape conforms to the natural growth habits of apricot trees. It is artificially adjusted slightly and has no obvious center dryness. The shaping method is to leave it in the plastic belt after the seedlings are dried. - The main branch of the 6 slaughterhouses, with the exception of the main branch at the top, which extends upward, all extend outward. The main axillary and trunk are 45-50.

When the main branch is up to 50cm, it is plucked or cut to make it produce 2-3 side branches. When the side branch grows to 30-40cm, it picks up the heart and forms various types of branches on it and gradually forms branches.

The natural round shape has a small amount of pruning and quick forming. It can be formed after 2-3 years of colonization. As the result of the entry is early in the morning, there are many main branches and it is easy to produce high yields. However, in the later period, the crowns are easy to close, and the resulting parts are shifted outwards. Attention must be paid to retraction and ventilation.

5. Trim

Apricots have strong sprouting ability, weak branching ability, and few branches, but flower buds are easily formed on new branches. Therefore, pruning should pay attention to cultivating new shoots so that the branches are evenly distributed. Attention should be paid to the renewal of air and light and weak fruit branches, and winter pruning. Short cuts, shearing, dredging, and extension should be adopted to adjust the tree vigor and maintain the tree. The balance between body growth and results. In summer, pruning is mainly carried out by pulling branches, brushing buds, removing buds, and picking up the hearts, and controlling the tree vigor, increasing the number of branch branches, and cultivating the result branches.

6. Pruning points at different ages

6.1 Sapling of Saplings

Saplings have a strong growth potential. To extend the crown, it is advisable to cut the main and lateral extension branches. Take strong branches, light branches, weak branches and heavy shears to cut 1/3-2/5 of the original branches. It is advisable to avoid excessive pruning and retain more branchlets to speed up the formation and bring about early results.

6.2 Results of the initial pruning

Cut the main branches, lateral branches, and extension branches at all levels, leaving plump and buds intact, and continue to extend outwards to eliminate the competing branches, dense branches, and cross branches that affect illumination on the backbone branches. The short branches of the non-bone branches and the doctrines of the golden mean that promote the branches become the result of the branches, and the appropriate length of branches for the inner direction and position of the crown should be put slowly.

6.3 pruning during full fruit period

For the main branches at each level, the extension branches of the lateral branches and other branches are shortened, the weaker short fruit branches in the lower part of the canopy are removed, and the strong branches are left; the dense branches, cross branches and overlapping branches in the canopy are eliminated. The light in the tree shrew is enhanced, and a portion of the resulting shrubs are updated. Pendulous shoots occurring around the crown can be retracted to an upward branch to raise the angle.

6.4 Pruning during aging

In this period, we must strengthen the management of fertilizer and water in order to achieve the target of pruning. The main pruning method is retraction. The task of retraction is generally completed in 2-3 years, and the debilitating perennial branches should be reconstructed before sprouting in early spring. At the same time, oil-staining or lime sulfur is applied to protect the wound.

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4. Power supply
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