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Bitter gourd cultivation technology essentials
Bitter gourd is also known as cold melon, koi twig, glutinous grape, with its tender melon for food, not only crisp meat, moderate bitterness, fragrant and delicious, but also has the special effects of heat, heat, diuretic, increase appetite, help digestion, is a A very promising vegetable crop. Seedlings: bitter melon seedlings are used more often. Seedlings for seedlings are suitable from late March to early April. After the final frost in late April, the seedlings will be planted. The entire nursery period is generally 25-30 days. Before sowing, first soak with hot water of 55-60°C for 20 minutes, then soak in warm water of 30°C for 4-8 hours, remove and germinate at a temperature of 30-35°C, sow after budding, cover soil after sowing. cm. The seedbed temperature is maintained at 20-25°C during the day and 13°C during the night. Ventilation after the seedlings are unearthed will prevent the birds from growing. The bottom water must be poured before sowing, and watering or less watering should be avoided during the seedling raising. Planting: bitter gourd on the soil conditions are not strict, but hi fertilizer water (according to the determination of each harvest of 1,000 kilograms of melon, you need to absorb 5.28 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus 1.76 kg, potassium 6.89 kg), avoid continuous cropping, should choose not to have been planted for 3 consecutive years Melon crops, deep soil, high organic matter content, and clay soil cultivation with fertilizer and water conservation. Before planting, combined with 25,000 kilograms of Mushi's mature quality circle fertilizer, 50 kg of superphosphate, and after the leveling, make a width of about 1.3 meters. Each row is transplanted in two rows. The general row spacing is 70-80 centimeters, and the plant spacing is 25-. 35 cm, planting density of about 3,000 per acre. Management: timely cultivating loose soil after planting, in order to facilitate warming and conservation, and promote the rapid growth of seedlings. In the initial stage of growth, vines are pressed at an appropriate time to promote the development of adventitious roots, expand the absorption range of roots, and promote the growth of stem vines. When the melon spreads around 30 centimeters, a sheer frame (like a cucumber rack) is placed on both sides of the melon and the vine spreads onto the shelf. The stem buds of bitter gourd have strong vigor and prone to lateral vines, but the female flowers of lateral vines appear late. In order to ensure the superiority of the main vine, it is necessary to remove lateral vines. In the application of fertilizer and water, the early growth of the plant is weak, and the growth is small. In the case of applying the base fertilizer, it is generally not top-dressing; in the period of flowering and fruiting, the growth and development of the plant is accelerated, and the amount of fertilizer needs to increase rapidly. Multiple fertilizers should be applied in time. In order to promote vines and preserve melons, in the summer, water is poured into the ground to keep the soil moist, so as to meet the needs of plant growth and harvesting of tender vines, and timely removal of the old leaves and diseased leaves of the vine base to facilitate ventilation. Light. Less bitter gourd pests, generally do not need to use chemical control. Harvest: The bitter gourd grows fast. Generally, the fruit is fully developed after 10-12 days after flowering. The size is basically set. The melon skin is still green or light green, and the seed is not hardened. At this time harvest, melon meat tender, slightly bitter sweet, taste is superb. Harvested too late, crude meat fiber increased, and is not conducive to the growth of melons. The bitter gourd, which was preserved, was harvested when the top of the guava was changed to yellow; the harvest was too late and the melons were easily burst.