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The fruit tree fertilization material is the most important in autumn
Many experienced fruit growers believe that: fruit trees to be high-yield, autumn fertilizer is the key; four-year fertilization materials, autumn fat is the most important. Autumn fertilization has the following benefits: The first is to help restore the tree vigor. The heavy floods in the summer and fall of this year have led to difficulties in drainage in many orchards. The roots are in the water, and many new roots are necrotic because of lack of oxygen. Therefore, timely recovery of the top dressing in autumn can timely supplement the nutrients of the tree, promote rooting and restore the tree vigor. Second, it helps to improve soil structure and fertility. The orchards in mountainous and hilly areas are generally thin in soil and low in organic matter content. Fertilization in autumn is beneficial to improve soil water conservation and fertility conservation. Again, it is beneficial to enhance the ability of the tree to prevent freezing and cold. After the fall, the soil temperature is generally around 20°C, so the root-cutting wounds of the digging hole are easy to heal, and the long roots and the number of hairy roots are abundant. In addition, the green materials for autumn fertilization are rich, and the excavation is also relatively easy. Into some of the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium available fertilizer, is conducive to the accumulation of nutrients in the tree, increase the concentration of tissue cells, enhance the ability to prevent freezing and cold. Fertilizer in the fall must master the following technical points: First, the autumn base fertilizer should be 2 to 3 months ahead of the winter base fertilizer, and should be carried out immediately after picking the fruit and clearing the garden. Second, the autumn base fertilizer should be dominated by organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, so that the combination of improved soil and support, delayed and complementary effects. The application of fertilizers should pay attention to the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, and it is not appropriate to use too much available nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise it is easy to cause winter shoots. At the same time, it is necessary to apply trace elements in a targeted manner. The mature fruit trees use 60-80 kg of organic fertilizer, 150 g of urea, 3-40 kg of superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate, and 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate. Third, the fertilization method can be used trench method, but also available disk method. When the ditch is applied, fertilization ditch such as circular, rectangular and arc shape is formed at the canopy dripping line position, and the ditch depth is 40-50 cm. The ditch width should be determined according to the amount of fertilizer, and the ditch should be flat. Spread the dry fertilizer in the ditch after watering, and cover the soil immediately after the water is dry. Before fertilizing, the roots exposed in the trenches should be leveled along the trench walls. Cuts must be smoothed to prevent root mold from decaying. When fertilizing, the fertilizer should be applied layer by layer. The coarse fat such as leaves and weeds should be placed on the bottom layer. The top layer should be filled with organic fertilizer. Each layer of fertilizer should be coated with a layer of soil. Finally, the fat soil should be 25 to 30 cm above the ground. Due to the staggered distribution of adult roots in orchard soils, a disk method can be used to split the topsoil along the plant spacing or row spacing on one side of the plant. When the soil is near the trunk, it should be shallow (8 to 10 cm) away from the trunk. Should be deep (40 ~ 60 cm), after the application of dry fertilizer, then cover the soil.