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1 The quality of the strains requires that the mycelium is thick and white, and the tip grows evenly and neatly. After the mycelium is full of bags, light brown pigments do not appear, and no contamination with bacteria occurs.
2 Selection of cultivation sites and coffins
2.1 The site selection is generally selected in the mountainous area with an elevation of 300-1000m. The site requires openness, sheltering from the wind, sufficient water supply, convenient management of artificial water spray, good drainage, but not flooded fields, foothills and gentle slopes.
2.2 Requirements for eucalyptus There are many kinds of trees suitable for cultivating black fungus. The ideal species such as sweet gum, birch, cherry, hickory, eucalyptus, poplar, etc., diameter 8 ~ 15cm, tree culms 5cm or more can also be use.
3 Cultivation Techniques
3.1 Logging preparation According to the size and moisture content of the trees, the cutting time can be flexibly controlled. The deforestation in the general area should be selected during the period from heavy snow to winter solstice. At this time, the trees are in dormant period, the trees have more nutrients stored in them, and the bark and xylem combine more firmly. During the cutting and handling, the bark should be prevented from being damaged. After the logs are transported to the cultivation site, they are sawed to grow by 1.1 to 1.2 m in length. Lime water is brushed on both sides of the logs, and then they are separated into “wells†according to their diameters. 1 to 1.5m for shelf drying, when the two sides of the cross section appear obvious fine cracks can be inoculated.
3.2 Artificial inoculation When the temperature is stable above 8°C, it can be artificially inoculated. It is usually better to be late than before. Inoculation should be performed on cloudy days or early morning after rain. Use a drill or drill with a diameter of 1.5-2cm to make holes in the coffin. The holes are 5-8cm apart and the hole distance is 4-5cm. They are in the shape of "goods". The hole depth should be determined according to the diameter of the coffin. It is generally 1.5 to 2.5 cm. Before inoculation, both hands should be disinfected, and then the bacteria species should be filled into small pieces and filled into the inoculation hole. After the bacteria species are filled, they should be pressed by hand to make the bacteria species fully contact with the hole walls, and then be covered with the bark that is prepared in advance. And use a small hammer to ensure that the surface is smooth with the coffin, bark cover should be slightly larger than the hole.
3.3 Upper Replanting and Flora Management
3.3.1 planting on the heap. The stacking site should be in a sunny, dry and well-ventilated place. The site should be cleaned up before being piled up, sprinkled with lime to be sterilized, put on a sleeper, and then piled by “well†type, stacking 1 to 1.5 m high. The length of the pile is not limited, there should be a certain gap between the ears (the eucalyptus after the inoculation of the bacteria species), and the plastic film is timely covered on the pile. The colonization and bacterium administration phase shall cover the plastic film around the night, and shall be ventilated before and after noon, and the low temperature and ventilation time will be shorter. When the heap temperature exceeds 28°C, the ventilation and cooling will be timely. At noon, the cover film will be lifted around, and the top of the stack will cover the straw curtain or the branches and shade. During the 3rd and 4th rollovers, if the earwoods are suitable for fine water spray, adjust the humidity.
3.3.2 germ administration. After 10 to 15 days after the general inoculation began to turn, after every 7 ~ 10d turn one. During the 2nd and 3rd turnings, it is necessary to open a hole cover sampling inspection, such as the formation of fluffy white pellicle film on the surface of the inoculation hole, the mycelium stretches around the four, indicating that the strain has colonized survival; if the bacteria in the hole change little Or mycelial growth is slow, indicating that the temperature and humidity are not suitable; if the bacteria in the hole is dry, the yellow is loose, indicating that the ear of the ear is too dry; if the bacteria in the hole turn slightly dark, it indicates that the ear of the ear is wet; if the bacteria in the hole are obvious Black, indicating that the strain is dead, should be immediately added strains and managed separately. In short, according to the growth of mycelium, flexible adjustment of temperature, humidity, timely ventilation, in order to achieve the normal growth and development of mycelium requirements.
3.4 There are two methods for stacking and stacking, and the first one is a tiled arrangement. That is, take a coffin as a sleeper, other ears as a sleeper, and the other as the ground, the coffin is separated by 5cm; the second is to reduce the height of the pile. That is, during the period of germination, the height of the pile is reduced in stages and the distance between the ears is increased. After the ear piles are piled up, a suitable temperature, good ventilation, and alternate wet and dry environmental conditions are required. At this time, the humidity management is mainly used. In rain-free weather, spray water once every 6~7d in the initial stage, then spray once every 3~4d, spray less water on cloudy days, not spray on rainy days, and still need to put ear in case of rain or heavy rain Wood rain. After ear piles are piled up, it takes 7-10 days to turn it over or turn it over once. After a short period of time, there will be small ear buds produced after the management of the ear inoculation. At this time, the hyphae have not yet fully extended into the ear, and the nutrients of the mycelium have not accumulated enough to satisfy ear requirements. Therefore, care must be taken not to get up too early. Ears.
3.5 Ear-elevating management When more than 50% of the holes have ear buds, and the hyphae have reached into the depth of the beech, the horizontal hyphae have been connected, and the ear can be raised. The ears should be cleaned up before being lifted and lime powder should be disinfected. Then the piling stand should be erected. The ears should be arranged from east to west to facilitate light reception and ventilation. Ear wood spacing is generally 7 ~ 8cm, when the stand should be different types of trees or different diameters of different sizes of beech stand out, in order to facilitate ear management. The ear temperature should be controlled above 10°C and the optimum temperature should be 20～25°C. Low temperature does not produce ear, high temperature prone to "flowing ears, black ears." Humidity is one of the main conditions affecting the growth of fungus. In the early stage of the gantry, the main bacteria were used, and heavy water could not be sprayed. Generally, 1~2d water spray was used once. Ears should adopt “dry-wet-wet-dry-wet-alternate†moisture management methods. In case of continuous sunny days, earmuffs can be sprayed before and after noon. The temperature is too high in July and August. Ear water content should be sprayed after 21:00 at night; when the temperature is suitable for the growth of fungus, should pay close attention to spray water ear, ear should be sprayed before the heavy water, so that the ear water to absorb moisture, promote ear buds, out Ears should be lightly sprayed, finely sprayed, stop spraying once every 2 to 3 days halfway, interval 1 to 2 days; after harvesting one fungus, should stop water for 6 to 7 days, according to the mycelial growth and temperature in the ear Whether it is appropriate, then proceed with the next tidal urge to manage the ears of edible fungus.
During earing, water should be turned as far as possible to turn the earwood more, so that the ear water evenly absorbs and receives light; in case of high temperature and dry weather, in particular, to prevent numbing of ear shells, the shade sun protection work should be done well, and the replenishing water spray must be treated at night. After the wood surface temperature dropped, it was carried out.
4 Harvesting and harvesting Spring ear and autumn ear are all required to be large and small, while Vol (Shaa) is required to be harvested at the same time, because the high temperature is easily caused by insect pests and bacterial contamination. Harvested fungus should be fine after the rain, harvested when the ears are dry and the ears are still moist. After harvesting the fungus, it should be cooled on a bamboo sieve, once dried or dried, without frequent turning. When the moisture content reaches 14% or less, it can be stored in a sealed and sealed package.
Black wood fungus cultivation technology
Black fungus has been an important mushroom and medicinal strain in China since ancient times. Its taste is delicate, crisp, smooth, tender and delicious, and delicious. It is rich in protein, rich in vitamins and minerals, and particularly high in iron. Due to the long history of mushroom cultivation in Ningguo City, Anhui Province, the black fungus produced by the eucalyptus plantation has a unique flavor and rich nutrition, and it is well received by consumers. In the long-term guidance of farmers in the cultivation practice, the author explored a set of high-yield black fungus eucalyptus cultivation techniques.