Soybeans are now widely grown throughout the country, with the highest quality soybeans in the Northeast. Soy can be used for a variety of applications such as protein extraction and the production of various soy products. Today, Kobayashi will introduce you to the common disease prevention and control technologies such as soybean purple spot disease, and hope to help our vegetable farmers! Soybean common disease prevention and control one, soybean purple spot disease Symptoms: The leaves are initially infected with brown round spots that expand to form polygonal brown or light gray plaques. When the stem is infected, it forms a long strip or fusiform reddish-brown plaque. In severe cases, the stem becomes black-purple with a sparse gray-black mold layer. When the pod is susceptible, it is purple, and the inside is shallow and deep. The law of onset: Overwintering on the seed coat or diseased body, and infecting the plant in the second year. Spread by wind or rain. Control methods: Pinjin, Yingmei, stupid ether, methotrex, etc. Soybean common disease control II, soybean downy mildew Symptoms: mainly damage seedlings or adult leaves, pods, and beans. The seedling system that grows with diseased seeds develops disease, and the cotyledons are asymptomatic. From the first pair of true leaves, chlorotic plaques appear along the main vein and lateral veins, causing chlorosis of the whole leaves. After the whole plant leaves have symptoms. Before and after the flowering period, there was a gray mold layer on the back of the lesion, and the diseased leaves turn yellow and brown and dry. When the bean pod is infected, the external symptoms are not obvious. There is often a gray mold layer inside. The damaged bean is moldy and dull, and the surface is covered with a yellow-white powdery mildew layer. The law of onset: mainly through the oocysts left in the soil with the diseased bodies, overwintering under appropriate conditions, parasitizing on soybean plants, and then re-infesting during the continuous breeding process. Generally, in the continuous rainy days, the humidity is high, and the temperature is cool, the field is planted in densely ventilated and poorly transmitted fields. More diseases occur on adult plants. Control methods: defensive gram, metalaxyl, ethyl phosphine, chlorothalonil. Metalaxyl and ethylphosphonium are used for seed dressing control, and frost and chlorothalonil are used for spraying. Soybean common disease control three, soybean disease Symptoms: mainly caused by harmful leaves, usually originating from the leaf tip or leaf edge of the leaves, primary dark green oily spots, irregular dark green or dark brown spots, black at the base of the stem when the adult stage is damaged The brown lesion spreads upward to the lower side branch, the diseased stem becomes black, the base of the petiole becomes black and concave, and the leaf sag is wilting but does not fall off. At noon on sunny days, you can see the diseased leaves rewinding, withered and finally yellowing. The lesions merge with each other and the large tissues become brown and dead. Once they encounter rainy days, they can quickly spread to the entire field. Incidence pattern: 1. Soybean disease is a typical soil fax disease. 2. The soil is sticky, dense, high in water content or easy to occur when it rains continuously. Control method: 1. Choose resistant varieties. 2. Deeply plow the soil and loosen the soil. 3, frost epidemic, gold, Akaqi, etc. Soybean common disease control IV, soybean virus disease Symptoms: The symptoms of this disease often vary greatly due to different varieties, stages of disease and temperature. There are four common symptoms: Light-flower-leaf type, the leaf growth is basically normal, and there is a slight yellowish-green color mottled on the leaf, which is obvious to the light (resistant varieties, late plant disease). Heavy-flowered type, the diseased leaves are yellow-green and phased, the wrinkles are severe, the veins are discolored and curved, the leaves are blister-like, the leaf margins are rolled down, and the plants are dwarfed. Shrinking mosaic type, yellow-green interphase mosaic, main veins with vesicular protrusions, leaf shrinkage. Macular type, the leaves shrink and fade to yellow mottled, the leaves are densely necrotic into brown spots or irregular yellow large plaques, and the veins become brown and necrotic. The law of onset: In the field, the diseased seedlings survived in winter, and the infection was completed under suitable conditions; the aphids, locusts and other poisonings completed the infection. Control method: 1. Select resistant varieties, most of the popular varieties are highly susceptible varieties, and there are few excellent resistant varieties. 2, in advance to control pests such as mites, flying locusts, aphids are highly mobile, and the speed of disease transmission is fast. Therefore, prevention in advance (rather than the treatment of insects after aphids) has a good preventive effect on the occurrence of viral diseases. 3, it is recommended to use Srun + good to prevent
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