I. Variety selection In the greenhouse cultivation, the cowpea vine variety is generally used. The current performances are: 豇2, Shanghai 33--47, Qiufeng, Zhangtang. Second, cultivation techniques (1) Import arrangements When growing in autumn and winter, seedlings or live broadcasts are generally planted from mid-August to early September, starting from the end of October; winter and spring cultivars are generally planted in mid-late December to mid-January, from mid-January to February in January. It was planted in the middle of the year and harvested around the beginning of March. It has been received in June. (2) Nursery 1. Seed preparation, seed selection and sun-breeding For dry seeding, use 1.5-3.5 kg per mu for seed preparation; for seedling transplanting, prepare 1.5-2.5 kg per acre. In order to improve the germination potential and germination rate of the seeds and ensure that the germination is neat and fast, the selection and sun-breeding should be carried out. The seeds with poor fullness, insects, damage and moldy seeds should be removed, and the sun should be selected for 1-2 days on the land. 2. Site preparation The high-quality farmyard manure is 5000-10000 kg, the decomposed chicken poultry manure 2000-3000 kg, the decomposed cake fertilizer 200 kg, and the ammonium bicarbonate 50 kg. Put the fertilizer into the ground of 3/5, turn it artificially 2 times, mix the fertilizer with the soil thoroughly, and then ridge or do the hoe according to the row spacing of the cultivation. The average row spacing of cowpea cultivation is 1.2 meters, or it can be planted in equal rows or cultivated in large rows. When cultivating in large and small rows, the line spacing is 1.4 meters and the small row spacing is 1 meter. After ditching and fertilizing, watering, smashing, and lifting the ridges, the ridge height is about 15 cm. In addition, between the big lines, or two lines of equal line spacing, one ridge for walking during work is lifted. 3. Nursery Planting and cultivating strong seedlings in advance is an important measure to achieve early maturity and high yield of cowpea. Cowpea seedlings can ensure the whole seedlings and seedlings, inhibit vegetative growth and promote reproductive growth, generally 20% to 30% higher than live broadcast. (1) Appropriate seedling age: The roots of cowpea are relatively early, the regeneration ability is weak, and the seedling age is not suitable for long. The standard for age-appropriate seedlings is: calendar age is 20-25 days, physiological seedling age is about 20 cm in height, development is about 25 cm, stem is 0.3 cm or less, true leaves are 3-4, and roots are developed. No pests and diseases. (2) Root-protection measures: The key technologies for cultivating age-appropriate seedlings include: using nutrient bowls, paper tubes, plastic tubes or nutrient-earthing root-protecting seedlings, with a nutrient area of ​​10 cm and 10 cm, preparing nutrient soil according to technical requirements and disinfecting the bed soil. . (3) Soaking seeds: The seeds are scalded with boiling water of about 90 °C, then cold water is added, the temperature is kept at 25-30 ° C, soaked for 4-6 hours, leaving the water. Since the radicle of cowpea is sensitive to temperature and humidity, it is generally only soaked and not germinated. (4) Sowing: Watering before planting to make the bottom sputum. When sowing, plant 3 to 4 seeds at 1 point and cover 2-3 cm thick. (5) Management after sowing: After sowing, keep about 30 °C during the day and 25 °C at night to promote the emergence of seedlings. It germinated 7 days after sowing at normal temperature and 10 minutes after emergence. At this time, the hypocotyl of cowpea is particularly sensitive to temperature, and the high temperature will inevitably cause the plant to grow long. Therefore, the temperature should be lowered to maintain 20-25 °C during the day and 14-16 °C during the night. Low-temperature refining began about 7 days before planting. Need to prevent soil drought. The cowpea calendar is short in seedling age, and a large amount of nutrients are stored in the cotyledons. The seedling stage is generally not topdressed, but the water management must be strengthened to prevent the seedbed from being over-dried and the relative humidity of the soil is about 70%. Pay attention to pests and diseases. The focus is on the prevention of rust root diseases caused by low temperature and high humidity, as well as aphids and root mites. (3) Colonization 1. Colonization (seeding) The suitable temperature index for cowpea colonization is 10 cm, the temperature is stable through 15 °C, and the temperature is stable above 12 °C. When the temperature is low, the mulch or small arch shed can be covered. 10 days before planting, the shed will be baked. 2. Colonization method The planting of winter and spring rafts should be carried out at 10-15 in the sunny days. Generally, 20 cm is used to drill a hole on the planting ridge, and 1 nursery (2 to 3 seedlings) is placed in each hole, and then water is poured, and the soil is sealed after the water is infiltrated. (4) Management after planting 1. guiding ideology Cowpea enters the flowering and pod-forming stage. On the one hand, it is necessary to extract the inflorescences and flowering pods. On the one hand, it is necessary to continue the growth of stems and leaves, and develop roots and nodules, each of which has a large amount of growth. If the plant is thin, it will affect the growth of the stems and leaves of the flowering branches and flowering and pod formation; if the branches and leaves are too luxuriant, the inflorescence will be delayed, and the amount of flowers will be reduced or fallen. Therefore, in the cultivation process of cowpea, it is necessary to pay attention to the contradiction between long stems and leaves and flowering and pods, and strive to achieve balance. In the whole process of cultivation of cowpea in the solar greenhouse, in general, it is controlled first, because the root of the rainbow bean is deeply drought-tolerant and grows vigorously. It is more prone to vegetative growth than other legumes. Once formed, it will lead to late flowering and less pods. Therefore, in management, we must first control and promote, prevent stems and leaves from growing, cultivate strong plants, and prolong the results. If the buds before and after the buds have significantly affected the flowering and pod formation, we must try to control the growth of stems and leaves from the management of temperature and water and fertilizer. In the flowering and pod-bearing period, in order to ensure smooth flowering and pod formation, and to ensure the corresponding growth of stems and leaves to maintain flowering and pod formation, it must be guaranteed from the fertilizer water, and at the same time, the plant should be adjusted. 2. The temperature management is ventilated for 3 to 5 days after planting, and the shed is heated to promote slow seedlings. After the seedlings are slowed down, the indoor temperature is maintained at 25-30 °C during the day and not less than 15-20 °C during the night. After the fall and winter production, after entering the winter, effective measures should be taken to strengthen the insulation and try to extend the harvest period. When winter and spring are cultivated, when the external temperature is stable at 20 °C, the film is removed and transferred to open field production. 3. Water management Watering is mastered at the time of planting. On the basis of planting and pouring stable seedling water, the water can be poured twice in the autumn and winter soaking period; the winter and spring will be poured into the water twice, and the water will be poured once after the seedlings, and then transferred to the middle of the field. , seedlings, poultry, strict control of watering. When you are in the bud, you can pour a small amount of water, continue to cultivate and plan, and do not water at the beginning of flowering. When the vine grows about 1 meter, the leaves become thicker, the roots are tied down, and the internodes are short. After the first inflorescence is sitting on the pod, when several inflorescences appear one after another, it is necessary to start pouring water once, and at the same time, per acre of water is washed with nitric acid. Ammonium 20-30 kg, superphosphate 30-50 kg. After the fertilizer is boiled, the stems and leaves of the cowpea grow very fast, and the color of the leaves becomes darker, the lower fruit pods are elongated, and the first and second inflorescences appear, and the first water is poured. Later, master the principle of not pouring water on the pods, see the principle of wetness, and start pouring water once every 10-12 days after a lot of flowering. 4. Forced fat On the basis of the application of the base fertilizer, it is necessary to apply the fermented cake fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in the seedling stage. 50-75 kilograms of cake fertilizer and 30 kilograms of super-calcium phosphate. After entering the harvest period, it is necessary to combine the watering with the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer. Generally, it is also used once for 1 time, and the ammonium nitrate is used once per acre. 40 kg. Especially in the case of "resting", special attention should be paid to strengthening the management of fertilizer and water, promoting the germination of the buds, the regeneration of the inflorescences, and the restoration of the plants. After about 20 days, it will usher in a new peak production period and last for more than one month. 5. Plant adjustment When the plant grows 30-35 cm high and 5-6 leaves, it is necessary to bracket in time (can be inserted into a single-hedge ledge, or can be inserted into a "human" frame), so that it can grow on the shelf. Do not break the stem when introducing the vine, otherwise the lower side of the vines, the upper branches are less, the ventilation is poor, the flowers fall into the pods, affecting the yield. The pruning method of cowpea is: (1) The side vines of the first inflorescence of the main vines are smashed up to 3 to 4 cm long to ensure the growth of the main vines. (2) The first branch of the first inflorescence was germinated in the early branch, and one leaf was removed from the collateral in the early stage. The lateral branches on the main stem in the middle and late stages left 2-3 leaves to exfoliate to promote the formation of the first inflorescence of the lateral branches, and the results from the lateral branches were used. Branch pods. (3) After the first peak of production has passed, at the 60-100 cm from the top of the plant, the side branches will be opened at the nodes where the flowers have been opened, and the tops are also preserved, and the lateral inflorescences are retained. (4) There are main flower buds and accessory flower buds in each inflorescence of cowpea, usually from the bottom to the top, the main flower buds develop, flower and pod. Under the condition of good nutrition, the inflorescences of each inflorescence develop in turn, flowering. Pod. Therefore, the main vine crawling frame (about 15 to 20 knots) will be sharpened to promote flower bud development, flowering and pod formation on each side of the vine. 6. Appropriate harvest When the pods grow into uniform thickness and the pods do not bulge, but the seeds have begun to grow, the best time for harvesting the tender pods should be timely harvested. The following points should be noted for harvesting: (1) Do not injure the inflorescence branches: Cowpea is a raceme. Each inflorescence usually has 2-5 pairs of flower buds, but generally only 1 pair of pods; if the conditions are good, the nutrient level is high, and 4 or 6 pods can be knotted. Therefore, the harvest must be carefully taken to prevent injury to other flower buds, and it is impossible to smash down together with the flower stalk. It is necessary to protect the inflorescence and make it later. (2) Harvesting should be carried out in the evening, and the standards should be strictly controlled so that the harvested beans should be as uniform as possible. (3) Look carefully in the harvest to avoid omissions. Third, pest control The diseases of cowpea mainly include rust, gray mold, coal mold, arbuscular disease, and root rot; insects include aphids, red spiders, and pea pods (cod seedlings). In the early stage of development, 15% powder rusting wettable powder 2000-3000 times liquid, or 40% diazolone wettable powder 4000 times liquid spray control, once every 20 days. It can also be sprayed with 50% rusting emulsifiable concentrate 800-1000 times liquid, once every 7 to 10 days. 2. Bush disease It is caused by virus infection. It mainly spreads by locust sap. At the beginning of the disease, the diseased plant is removed, and the aphid is completely sprayed with 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times or 20% fast killing butyl emulsifiable concentrate 5000 times. 3. Gray mold In the early stage of the disease, 50% of the dermatological WP 1000-1500 times solution, or 50% of the phlegm-resistant WP 1000-1300 times solution spray, 7 to 10 days. 4. Coal mold In the early stage of the disease, use 25% carbendazim WP 400 times solution, or 40% carbendazim suspension 800 times solution, or 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 600 times solution, spray control, every 10 days or so Times. (2) Pests The main pest is the pea pod. It can be sprayed with 90% crystal trichlorfon 800-1000 times liquid, or other stomach poisons and contact agents, and sprayed once every 10 days from the discovery. Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. 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