Goat scale farming technology

I. Variety selection

1, Jining green goats. It is produced in more than 20 counties in Shandong Jining and Heze. Small physique, male and female horns have horns, mixed hair black and white. Adult rams weigh 30 kg and ewes 26 kg. The main products are raccoon skins, which are slaughtered within 1 to 2 days after birth. They are characterized by natural colors and patterns. They are sleek and beautiful. They are the finest raw materials for fur and clothing, and are well-known for international markets. . Laying rate was 293.65%.

2. Liaoning Cashmere Goat. Native to Liaodong Peninsula. Large physique, male and female horns have horns, body hair white. The average amount of pupa produced by adult rams was 540 grams and 470 grams for mothers. The slaughter rate is 50% and the lamb production rate is 148%.

3, horse head goats. Origin Hubei Xiangyang, Enshi and Hunan Changde, Xiangyang, Xiangxi and other places. Large physique, male and female ewes without horns. Both ears were slightly drooping forward, and the chest was well developed with a rectangular body. The coat is mainly white. The adult ram weighs 44 kg and the ewes 34 kg. Matou goat is a famous goat breed in China. After being born for two months, the weaning sheep can weigh up to 23.3 kilograms under the conditions of grazing and feeding. The slaughter rate was 52.3%. The slaughter rate of adult goats is about 60%, and the lambing rate is 200%.

4. Laoshan dairy goats. Origin Shandong Shandong Jiaodong Peninsula. The body is strong, the structure is well-balanced, and the forehead is wide. Most male and female rams have no horns. Some sheep have black spots on their ears, fleshy under the neck, deeper chest, straight back, full ribs, large belly does not hang down. The hindquarters and the breasts are well developed and the whole body is white. The average milk production of the first child was 557 kg, the average of the second and third child was 870 kg, and the milk fat percentage was 4%.

5. Saanen goats. Originating in Switzerland, it is a famous dairy goat breed. Male and female sheep have no horns. Ears are erect, hairy white or light yellow. Body wide and deep, back long and straight, solid limbs, good breast development. During the lactation period of 8 to 10 months, the average annual milk production is 600 to 1200 kg, and the milk fat percentage is 3.8% to 4%.

6, Boer goats. Native to South Africa. The coat is white, with a red head and a white hair band, allowing a certain amount of erythema. Ears are large and drooping, legs are short, body size is good, hindquarters are well developed, plump, and have many muscles. The 3.5-month-old male lamb weights 22-36 kg, and the female lamb 19-29 kg. The average ram is 90 kg and the ewe is 65-75 kg. The mutton fat content is moderate and the carcass quality is good. Sheep with an average weight of 41 kilograms had a slaughter rate of 52.4% and non-castrated rams reached 56.2%. The average weight of lambs is 15.6 kg. Boer goats have four seasons estrus, with a lambing rate of 150% to 190%. Individuals who choose to be productive are combined with excellent breeders. The litter size per litter averages over 2.25 and the reproductive survival rate is 123% to 184%.

Second, build sheep house

1, the construction site. The sheep house must be constructed in a dry and well-drained place, close to the grazing land and water source, and properly laid out according to the distribution of the sheep.

2, the building area. The area of ​​the sheep house is different depending on the sheep's production method, breed, gender, physiological condition, and local climate. The following parameters. Rams 1.5 to 2 square meters/only: ewes 0.8 to 1 square meters/body; winter lambs ewes 2 to 2.3 square meters/only, spring lambs ewes 1 to 1.2 square meters/only; young males Ewe 0.5 to 0.6 square meters/only.

3, height. According to the type of sheep house and the number of sheep to be accommodated, the more sheep, the sheep house can be higher. The general height is 2.5 meters.

4, temperature and ventilation. Generally, the winter temperature of the sheep house is kept above 0° C., the temperature of the lamb house is not lower than 8° C., and the temperature of the house is 8 to 10° C. In order to keep the sheep house dry and fresh air, it must have good ventilation equipment.

5, the type of sheep house. May be rectangular sheep house. This type of sheep house is more common and practical, and the construction is also convenient. The playground before housekeeping can be reared according to groups and needs to be divided into several small circles. The size of sheep house can be determined according to the size of the herd, the area occupied by each sheep, and the mode of utilization. It can also be combined with sheep house. This kind of sheep house is suitable for construction in warmer areas. The sheep usually spend the night in sheep pens or sheep sheds with walls on three sides and open in front, and then go into sheep pens in winter or when they are lambs.

Third, configure the device

1, the feeder frame. They come in a variety of forms, including a hay rack for feeding coarse material, a combined hay rack for both coarse and fine materials, and a feed trough specifically for feeding concentrates.

2, salt tanks. When the sheep are replenished with salt and other minerals, if they are not in the room or mixed in the feed, they may be provided with a topped salt tank to prevent them from being exposed to rain and deliquescence.

3, points sheep. It is used for productive activities such as sheep grouping, epidemic prevention and deworming. The dividing bar is made up of many grids. There is a trumpet at the entrance of the flock. There is a small channel in the middle, which allows the sheep to advance in a single line. Along one or both sides of the channel, you can set up 3 to 4 small circles that can open the door to both sides. Use this device. The flock can be divided into the small groups needed.

4, medicine bath. The bath is a long one, like a narrow and deep gutter, usually made of cement. The depth of the pool is not less than 1 meter. The bottom of the pool is 30 to 60 centimeters wide, about 10 meters long, and 60 to 100 centimeters wide. A sheep can pass but cannot turn. The entrance of the bath is a steep slope. When the sheep walks in, they can quickly slide into the pool. The exit has a certain slope. There are small steps or crossbars on the slope. Its role is not to slip the sheep, and the sheep stay on the slope for a period of time. The liquid left on the body flows back to the bath.

IV. Introduction

First of all, we must fully examine the local grass resources. If we are to buy grass sheep for the purpose of constructing a large-scale commercial sheep farm, we must lose money. In response to this situation, there are two ways to solve the problem of high straw prices. First, we must plant high-yield pasture. The second is to vigorously develop corn straw paste storage. 70% of the forage can be replaced with silage corn stalks, but the price of the raw material corn stalks for paste storage must not exceed the purchase price of 0.04 yuan/kg.

Secondly, it is necessary to inspect the construction of farms and design a scientifically standardized sheep farm suitable for local conditions. Inspecting the sheep farms can contact the authoritative department and ask them to introduce the sheep farms that are suitable for the inspections. After they have their hearts in mind, the authorities are requested to send personnel to the site for planning and design, and must not blindly construct them in order to avoid losses. The general appropriate scale is 220 basic ewes, 1,000 sheep are slaughtered each year, occupying an area of ​​about 1 hectare, and the rent cannot exceed 300 yuan per 667 square meters. If there are old stables nearby that are available for lease, it is best to renovate them slightly. This will save investment but require strict disinfection. In principle, the cost per square meter of newly-built sheep houses must not exceed 180 yuan.

Thirdly, after the sheep farm has been built and dried, before the introduction, according to the scale of the design, the amount of 1.5 kg of grass or 4 kg of grass per sheep per day is sufficient to provide enough forage and straw to buy forage processing machinery and common veterinary medicine and equipment. Conventional drugs, and then introduced.

Fourth, before the introduction, we must master the system of sheep-raising knowledge and sheep-raising technology, and make technical preparations.

Fifth, funding preparation. Under normal circumstances, the construction and introduction of the first batch of breeding sheep should be carried out after one and a half years. Therefore, sufficient funds must be prepared, and reasonable distribution and reasonable use should be made. It is forbidden to invest in the money, but there is no money to introduce the money. Breeding leads to dismounting.

V. Breeding and improving

1, sheep breeding law. The period of sexual maturity of the sheep is slightly different due to the variety and distribution area. The sexual maturity of goats is earlier than that of sheep. Some goat breeds in the south have a sexual maturity of about 3 months. Some northern goat breeds are about 6 months. The initial age of the sheep should be after the body matures, and the body weight reaches over 70% of the annual sheep, and the goat age is about 1.5 years old.

Estrus and ovulation. After the sexual maturity of ewes, due to ovulation and secretion of hormones, a series of complex physiological changes occur, known as estrus, goat estrus can generally last 40 hours, estrus cycle average 20 days, ovulation time is generally in the late estrus, eggs 12 to 24 hours after discharge has fertilization ability.

Fertilization and pregnancy. The combination of sperm and egg forms a fertilized egg. The formation of a fertilized egg means that the ewes are pregnant and called conception. The goat's gestation period is 150 days.

Matching seasons and time. The breeding season of sheep is similar to that of the factory from July to January of the year, and from August to September. The choice of breeding time should be based on whether the local conditions are conducive to the growth and development of the lamb. In the case of an annual lamb production, the lambing period is divided into three periods: winter, early spring and late autumn. Winter lambs are mated from July to August. In early spring, lambs are mated from September to October. Late spring lambs are mated from November to December.

2, breeding methods. Natural mating, that is, during the breeding season of the sheep, the male and female rams are mixed and allowed to freely mate. Use this method to save labor and do not need any equipment. If the proportion of males and females is appropriate (1:30-40), the rate of conception is quite high. However, because the male and female ram are grazing, the rams chase the ewes at any time to mate, affect the herd's food intake and consumption, and consume the ram's energy; the kinship of the offspring cannot be understood; the effective seed selection cannot be performed, and it cannot be inferred The expected date of the ewes.

Artificially assisted mating. In order to overcome the shortcomings of natural mating, artificial assisted mating method can be adopted, ie, male and female ewes are grazing in groups, and the ewes are tested every day during the mating season, and then the ewes are mated with the designated rams. Using this method of mating can accurately register the ear number and breeding date of the male and female sheep, so as to accurately predict the expected date of production, save the energy of the ram, and increase the number of females to be bred, and at the same time, it is also conducive to the selection and selection of sheep. But ram utilization is low.

3. Variety improvement. Sheep breeds are improved by crossing. The purpose of mating two or more species of male and female rams is to exploit the advantages of hybridization to improve their production performance. Sheep farming in rural areas mostly adopts an economic hybrid approach, that is, the use of two breeds of hybrids to provide products without any use. A hybrid has a heterosis, so it has a strong vitality, rapid growth and development, and is mainly used for the production of fat lamb in the production of sheep. Heterosis can also be used in economic sheep farms to increase wool production.

In order to increase the body weight of local native sheep and improve the production performance, it is common to introduce exotic breeds (such as Boer goats) and male rams to cross to obtain offspring that grow fast and adapt to local environmental conditions.

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