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High-yield Cultivation Technique of Chinese Cabbage in Summer
1. Variety selection Choose the heat-resistant, disease-resistant, and good-quality cabbage varieties suitable for local high-temperature summer planting and consumption habits, mainly including early-maturing No. 5, 'Huaguan', 'Xiamei' and 'Lion Run'. Stems, long stems, etc. 2. Soil treatment Pakchoi has higher soil requirements. In addition, when the former crops are timely hauled into the clear gardens, if the crops at the end of harvest are damaged or the disease is heavy, lime and fungal pesticides should be used. Soil disinfection; if the secondary soil salinization in the shed is severe, apply large-scale flood irrigation to wash salt, build soil around the greenhouse before irrigation, make it higher than the soil surface, soaking the water so that the soil surface, such as shed If the membrane is not removed, the entire greenhouse can be sealed for 7 days. The heat in the greenhouse can be used to kill some of the bacteria in the soil. If the conditions permit, it can be combined with the use of calcium cyanoaminase (lime nitrogen) for better disinfection. Soak the soil several hours after soaking the soil and repeat several times to desalt the surface soil by 50-60%. Soil-heavy paddy soil was changed to vegetable land and soil improvement must be performed first. In the first 1-5 months before planting leafy vegetables, select organic fertilizers such as pig manure, duck dung, chicken manure and other pollution-free organic fertilizers or commodity organic fertilizers, and adopt the deep-rolling method according to the usage of 4000-5000 kg per mu. Apply evenly into the soil. 3. Soil preparation, application of basal fertilization, and the use of sandy soils and loam soils for covering the soil with membranes are the most suitable and should be close to the water source for irrigation. Each mu of land full of cooked manure and compost 1000-1500 kilograms or 45 to 75 kilograms of fertilizer for vegetables, after the preparation of ridge ridge rake, rake width 1.2 to 1.5 meters. Before the cultivation of the greenhouse, do not remove the shed, leaving the top film, remove the skirt film, and cover the insect net in the original position of the skirt film; if conditions allow, can also be used insect nets full shed coverage cultivation. In greenhouses covered with insect-proof nets, membrane coverage should be minimized, the area of ​​insect-proof nets should be increased, and the ventilation in the shed should be increased to prevent the over-temperature in the greenhouse from causing cabbage leaf shrinkage and affecting the quality of Chinese cabbage. Or cover the net in the roof to make the cabbage grow normally. 4, sowing feet before sowing water, more use of live broadcast or broadcast. Mu sowing rate of 500 to 1000 grams. After sowing, it is covered with a thin straw or shade net. Generally no longer watering before emergence, if the weather is dry, sooner or later, spray water and other coverings such as straw or shade nets. 5. Field management (1) Seedlings emerged 2-3 days after sowing and sowing, and the coverings were peeled off in time after emergence. When 1 true leaf was grown, the first thinning was performed. It is not too late to go to the dense seedlings. When the four true leaves were grown, the second time the seedlings were planted, and the weak seedlings and diseased seedlings were in between. At the same time, the market conditions could be combined to start the seedlings listing. While removing the seedlings, remove the weeds. (2) Fertilizer and water management After the seedlings are watered 1 or 2 times a day, they should be poured with small water, watered with horses and horses, to avoid flooding and watering in the sunny days, and irrigation with micro-irrigation facilities can also be used. Generally when the first time in the 3 leaves and 1 heart, the top dressing, specifically based on the soil fertility conditions and growing conditions of the seedlings as appropriate to determine the top dressing time, the number of times and fertilization, generally 5-10 per kilogram of urea application, spread evenly in the noodles. (3) Disaster Weather Management During the rainy season and during typhoon storms, the gutters should be drained in a timely manner to control the accumulation of stagnant water in the shed, causing the roots of the cabbage to die. When a typhoon arrives, it should be based on weather forecasting by the meteorological department to do a good job of preventing Taiwan and resisting Taiwan and, if necessary, uncovering shelters. In hot and dry weather in summer, water should be poured in the morning and evening to infuse horse water. On the one hand, it fully meets the demand of water for the growth of Chinese cabbage, and on the other hand, it can regulate the microclimate in the shed and reduce the temperature of the shed. (4) Pest control In summer, high temperatures and excessive rainfall cause stale seedlings, or roots, or soft rots. Therefore, the field must be drained and unobstructed to prevent the accumulation of water in the field. The occurrence of soft rot should be timely. The diseased plants were removed and sprayed with 8% Ningnanmycin 1000 times solution or 20% thiabendrone (Lactococcus) 500 times solution or 47% chlorsulfuronium oxychloride (Garenon) 750 times solution or Irrigation control, spray once every 5 to 7 days. The main pests of summer cabbage are: aphids, cabbage caterpillars, diamondback moth, and whitefly. Due to the use of insect-proof nets plus film or full-insect net covering to insulate foreign insects from invasion, insecticides can be applied at the seedling stage based on the actual insect pests. Cabbage beetle, Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua can use 1 billion. PIB/ml Aoqing No. 1000x or 5% Chlorantraniliprole SC for control; Aphids and whiteflies can be hung by yellow plates or controlled with 70% imidacloprid or 10% nitenpyram or 20% acetamiprid SP . In general, cabbages covered with insect-repellent nets plus film-covered cultivation or full-infestation nets are used to prevent and control pesticides only once at the seedling stage depending on the actual situation, or do not use pesticides. 6, harvested in the high temperature season, early maturity on the 5th 20-25 days can be harvested, 'Huaguan', 'Summer', 'Lions Run' and other heat-resistant Qingyan 45-60 days can be harvested, long stem white generally 35-45 days Can be harvested, generally 50 days later, the long stem white yield will not increase again, so it should be timely harvest, Chinese cabbage generally mu yield of about 2000 kg.