Betel nut is named for its shape like a beech and a fleshy pattern like betel nut. It is planted every spring equinox and harvested during the autumn frost season. After the betel nut is harvested, each plant has a unique female scorpion and a small hoe of different sizes. The betel nut tastes sweet and sweet, rich in starch, glucose and multivitamins, and has high nutritional value. It has the functions of nourishing qi and nourishing the kidney and strengthening the spleen and stomach. It can not only produce dim sum, delicacies, but also nourish the body. It was listed as a Daqing tribute during the Qing Dynasty and is therefore known as the "royal tribute". The betel nut is mainly produced in Zhangpu, Fujian and other regions in Guangxi. In recent years, the Changting betel nut planted in Fujian Minhou and Minqing has better benefits, and the yield per mu can reach 10,000 yuan, so the planting area is constantly large. The cultivation techniques are now described as follows. 1, planting performance Areca is a genus of the genus Araceae, with a growth period of 190 to 210 days. Plant height, plant height 160 cm, development degree 180 cm × 80 cm, leaf oblong, petiole length 150-165 cm, total number of leaves l15-15, leaves, petioles green; female owl oval, length 20 ~ 30 cm The diameter is 40-55cm, the skin is thin and brown, the fur is sparse and brown, and the single female scorpion is 1.4kg to 4.5kg. The base of each female carp can produce 4-6 small scorpions (25-125g). The mother's body is beautiful, and the meat is grayish white with a purple betel nut pattern. The taste is crispy and sweet. Generally, the yield per acre is 1600-2000 kg, and the high is more than 3000 kg for edible. The scorpion accounts for about 40% of the bulb yield. It is also known as the seed cultivar, but it is also used for eating. 2, plot selection The light conditions are good, loose and fertile, convenient for irrigation and drainage, and the tillage layer is planted in loam or sandy loam above 25 cm. Betel nut is not suitable for continuous cropping. Continuous cropping will cause soil nutrient deficiency and accumulation of toxic substances, and the spread of pests and diseases will continue to be harmful. To be a rotation with rice for 1-2 years. 3, selected species The seedlings should be screened from the bulbs of the disease-free and robust plants in Daejeon. The seedlings around the middle of the female sputum should be selected. The epidermis is smooth and non-invasive, free from disease and insect plaques, thick and full, with a long block shape, hair near the top, and uniform size. . Planting for 5 to 2 days before sowing, remove the surface sheath (hair) and promote early seedling germination. Choose the axillary buds, the leaves are 5-10 cm long, the pests are harmless, and the color is good, so as to promote the whole seedlings. 4, colonization When the betel nut is planted, the temperature is stable at 15 °C or above. The time is planted in the late March to early April and before the Ching Ming Festival. The ridge width is 1.2m, the ridge height is 25cm~30cm, the plant spacing is 25cm~30cm, the row spacing is 45cm~55cm, and about 1700-1800 plants per acre are planted. Spray 60% butachlor 500 times solution before setting. 5, timely soil and weeding The soil can promote adventitious roots, enhance drought resistance, inhibit top bud growth and improve quality. The thickness of the soil and the sooner or later directly affect the yield, quality, appearance and the quality and quality of the fruit. Generally, the soil is cultivated twice, and it can be combined with fertilization. The first time the soil was planted about 1 month after planting, combined with loose soil weeding, the shovel mud was shoveled around the plant, and the thickness of the soil was about 5 cm. After the first soiling for 20 days, the second cultivation was carried out, and combined with fertilization, disease prevention and pest removal. First drain the sulcus and drain the excess seedlings. The trench is deeply excavated from 0.3m to 0.5m, and the bottom of the trench is as flat as possible. The mud is evenly covered around the surface of the plant and the soil around the plant. The thickness of the soil is about 10cm. 6, plant management Under the premise of sufficient seedlings, in order to improve the yield and quality of the females, the cultivating soil is used to remove some of the seedlings. The height of the plant should be properly controlled. Otherwise, it is not conducive to field operation and prevention of pests and diseases. It is also not conducive to the expansion of betel nut tubers. Spraying paclobutrazol at a seedling height of 90cm and 120cm will control the seedlings to about 130cm. 7, fertilizer management Betel nut is a tuber plant, and the demand for potassium is relatively large. According to the data, the demand ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in betel nut is 1:0.5:1.5. In the early stage of betel nut, the roots and leaves grow at the same time, mainly relying on nitrogen fertilizer to promote the rapid growth of leaves. In July, August and September, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are the main stage, and certain nitrogen fertilizers ensure the healthy growth of leaves. 榔Betel nuts are afraid of water in the early stage, need water in the middle stage, drain in the later stage, water enters the semi-ditch during irrigation, wet on the ridge, the soil water content reaches 80%-90%, and the water can be drained for easy harvesting 20 days before harvesting. It is strictly forbidden to accumulate water in the acupoints within 1 month after planting. If the rain is too much, the deep ditch should be drained as soon as possible. In May, it entered the peak period of growth, and as the number of leaves increased, the water supply was gradually increased. In July, August and September, the crusting period entered. During the most prosperous period of underground and above-ground parts, Putian could not lack water to make water into the semi-ditch and wet on the ridge. 8. Pest control Betel nut is mainly used to prevent underground pests before planting. It can be applied to diazinon granules, chlorpyrifos granules, clothianidin granules, etc. The main diseases are epidemic diseases and soft rot diseases. It can be sprayed with enoylmorpholine, metalaxyl and thiothiazole. Pesticides such as piracetone, chlorpyrifos hydrochloride and refined metalaxyl, the main pests are Spodoptera litura and aphids, which can be sprayed with indoxacarb, high-efficiency cyfluthrin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid and the like. The above is the betel nut planting technology, I hope to help you. If you want to know more about agricultural technology, please pay attention to the Hui Nong School!
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