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1. Growth and development of Astragalus Astragalus is a perennial herb. The main roots are long, straight, and generally 40-50 m long. Stems erect, plant height milk - 100 cm. Flowering from June to July, fruiting from July to September.
Astragalus has a cool, drought-tolerant, and fear-prone habit. Seed germination does not like high temperature, but it needs plenty of water. The seedlings are weak and afraid of light, and the plants are like sunshine. Roots of seedlings have strong water and nutrient absorption capacity and can grow well when the water is abundant. As the growth progresses, the absorption function gradually weakens, the storage capacity increases, and the main root becomes coarse. At this time, it is not tolerant of high humidity and water accumulation, and excessive water is prone to rot. Soil texture, fertility and soil thickness have a great influence on yield and quality. Soil viscosity, root growth is slow, deformity; soil sand is large. Lignin fiber lignification, silty little; soil layer is thin, more roots, more branches, poor quality. To obtain high-quality yellow peony, take sandy loam soil and alluvial soil as the minister.
Second, the cultivation techniques
1. The selection of suitable soils for site selection and site preparation is the key to high yield and quality of Astragalus membranaceus. High-lying, well-drained, loose and fertile sandy loam or alluvial soils should be chosen. Groundwater level is high, soil moisture is high, and soils with heavy texture and low gravy are not suitable for planting. It is better to make the soil preparation in the fall, and the yellow plant is a deep-rooted plant, which must be deeply plowed; the plough depth is more than 40 cm. Combine the cultivated land to make up for the base fertilizer, the Mushi farmyard fertilizer is 2500-3000 kg, or the diammonium phosphate 20 kg, the urea 10 kg, the potassium fertilizer kg, or the compound fertilizer 100 kg.
2. The methods of propagation include seed seeding, seedling transplanting and root propagation, of which seeds are mainly broadcast live. The seedlings were transplanted with more lateral roots, which were C. chinensis and the quality of the products was poor. Due to the deep roots of the Astragalus roots and the cost of harvesting, in recent years, rhizome breeding has also been used in production.
(1) Seeds of seedlings of Astragalus membranaceus are thick, poor in permeability, weak in water absorption, and low in germination rate. Seed treatment should be carried out. The selected seeds were soaked in 50-degree warm water for 6-12 hours, removed and put into a bag for germination. Direct seeding in summer sowing, neat emergence, seedling uniform. It can be sowed in spring, on the fly, and in autumn. Spring sowing - usually in the March-April months when the ground temperature stable at 5-8t sowing, timely repair after sowing, about 15 days emergence. The sowing of the seeds in the rainy season in June to July will allow seedlings to emerge in 5-7 days, but direct sunlight and seedlings will grow weak. Autumn sowing - generally in the frozen before, when the earthworm fell to o - 5 degrees when sowing, appropriate late sowing, can ensure that the seeds in the dormant state overwintering, sowing too early; seed germination, cold resistance decreased, should increase the amount. The sowing depth of 2~3 cm is appropriate, sowing too deep will cause lack of seedlings and ridges. The sowing amount is generally 1-5-2 kg per mu and the row spacing is 20-30 cm.
(2) Nursery transplanting Seedlings are sown at a spacing of 15-20 centimeters. The seeding rate per acre is about 5 kilograms. Seedling height 13-15 cm, when the root length reaches 15 cm, you can transplant. It is best to plant borders and plants, with a spacing of about 20 cm, plant spacing of 10-12 cm, and 20000 plants per acre. Do not injure the root when lifting seedlings.
(3) Rootstock propagation Before the spring does not germinate, roots that have been growing for one year are dug out and the lower roots are removed. The upper part is divided by spores, each segment is spaced 30 centimeters apart, 10-15 centimeters away from the plant, and the buds are planted in a flat furrow, with a furrow depth of 10-15 centimeters.
3. Field management Strengthening field management and creating good conditions for growth and development can increase the growth rate of Astragalus membranaceus, shorten the cultivation period, and ensure the quality of medicinal materials.
(1) Seedlings and Dinglings are generally plant heights of 6-10 cm. After the emergence of the compound leaves, thin seedlings are planted. When the height of the seedlings is 13-16 cm, seedlings are planted at a distance of about 10 cm.
(2) Weeding and weeding—A growth cycle should be cultivated 3 times and weeding.
(3) Top-dressing astragalus fertilizer, the reasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is the key to increase production. In the year of sowing, topdressing urea 1-2 times, according to the growth of seedlings determined. In the second year before returning to early spring, Mushi 15 kg of urea, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 15 kg of potassium fertilizer; 1 additional fertilizer in the flowering stage, 10 kg of urea per mu.
(4) The critical period of water for irrigation and water reclamation of Astragalus membranaceus at seedling stage should be filled in time after sowing, and soil moisture should be maintained during seedling growth period. If you return to youth, you should water if you have poor sensation. Astragalus membranaceus has strong drought-resistance in other growth stages, but it is not resistant to waterlogging, and it pays attention to water to prevent rot.
(5) Select the remaining fine seedlings to choose the main roots with long length, few branches and fine powder as the seed species, and breed good varieties.
(6) Diseases and Insect Pests Diseases of Astragalus include powdery mildew and purple striated plumage. Powdery mildew can occur during the seedling stage and the flood season. The lime sulfur is sprayed once every 15 days before the onset or in the early stage, or sprayed with 50% thiophanate WP 800-100 times, once every 10 days for 2 consecutive days. 3 times.
Purple feather disease commonly known as red root disease, its fat smelting method is:
1 clear the root cause of burned.
2 Rotating crops with gram for 3-4 years.
3 Combine soil preparation with 7 kg of dexamethasone 15 kg/mu for soil disinfection.
4 The diseased plants were found to be removed in a timely manner, and lime powder was removed at and around the disease point.
5 Pay attention to drainage during the rainy season.
Third, harvesting and processing can be harvested after sowing 1-4 years, before thawing or after thawing in the spring before budding excavation, to 2-4 years the best quality. The cultivation period is too long, the roots are black and the quality is reduced. When digging, deep planing should be done to prevent the roots from being broken. After the root is dug up, go to the soil, residual stems, roots and reeds, sun dry to the semi-dry, accumulate for 1-2 days and then dry, until it is dried, tie it into a small bundle and become a student. Huang Hao. Daejeon can use mechanical harvesting to save labor, reduce costs, and harvest quality.
How to Make High Yield Cultivation Technique of Astragalus
Astragalus is an alias herb that is a perennial herb of the leguminous family, rooted in human medicine. The crude drug known as Astragalus, has the effect of replenishing gas, solid table, sore myogenic, and diuresis, etc. It is a famous nourishing medicinal material in China.