Plos One: New Finding Helps Early Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer

For a long time, doctors have not been clear why people with colonoscopy tests are very healthy. Recently, researchers from the Oklahoma Medical Research Institute explained why. This discovery will help develop new cancer early diagnosis techniques.

Colorectal cancer is one of the highest mortality types of cancer, with 65,000 deaths from cancer each year in the United States. In contrast, 90% of patients who were diagnosed early in the course of cancer had a survival rate of more than 5 years, while those found in the late stages of cancer had a rate of only 8% for more than 5 years.

At present, the most commonly used screening method is colonoscopy. In this test, doctors use a flexible microscope to check the patient's intestinal health. However, this detection method will miss many indications of cancerous intestinal polyps.

"Some intestinal polyps are buried inside the gut, so they are flat on the surface," said David Jones, author of the study. "This makes it difficult for doctors to detect through colonoscopy."

For a long time, doctors believe that people with normal colonoscopy findings may have colorectal cancer because of some unknown mechanism. This finding suggests that hidden polyps in the intestine may be the cause of cancer.

The authors examined the genetic properties of these hidden polyps and found that there are mutations in the BRAF gene in these polyps. Further, the authors found that mutations in BRAF further trigger mutations in other genes that together lead to the formation of polyps.

In response to this result, the authors believe that it is possible to develop a diagnostic method that identifies whether a patient has a cancer risk through fecal testing. The related results were published in the latest issue of Plos One magazine.


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