The epidemic of pepper has been serious in protective cultivation in recent years, and has seriously affected the production of pepper. It is an urgent problem to be solved in the current production of pepper. First, the characteristics of the disease. Phytophthora seedlings can occur at the seedling stage and adult plant stage, and stems, leaves, and fruits can all be infected. At the time of seedling stage, the base of the stem is dark green, water-soaked, soft or rot, also known as seedling damping-off. The disease began in the peduncle, and the first dark green water immersed in spots and quickly turned brown and soft rot. When the humidity was high, a white mold layer, namely spore cysts and sporangia of the pathogens, was formed and dried on the branches. Stems were affected, and the tillers became dark brown or black. The most common was the stem base. The lesions were initially immersed in water, followed by brown or black streak that spread around the epidermis. , causing the ground to collapse. Second, the incidence of law. The pathogen is Phytophthora capsici, belonging to the flagellin subphylum fungi. The main pathogens were oospores and chlamydospores, which were overwintering on the diseased body or soil and seeds. Among them, the disease-residue body in the soil had the highest infection rate and was the main source of infection. The disease is a soil-borne disease. The growth and development of pathogens is suitable for temperature 30°C. Diseases are prone to occur after rainy days, and the onset period is short. Poor weight, poor drainage in the field, and easy water accumulation of the disease; water-logged ground, excessive water volume of the land is also prone to disease; In addition, the plant colonization is too dense, poor ventilation and light transmission, incidence weight. Third, comprehensive control measures 1. Agricultural control. (1) Clean the garden: After the harvest, clean the pastoral area in time and take out the leftovers of the chili peppers and burn or destroy them. (2) Rotation for crop rotation: with the legume crop rotation, choose well-drained plots for cultivation. (3) Seed treatment: Anti-resistant varieties were selected and sterilized by high-temperature stuffy shed before sowing. 2. Chemical control. 1. Soil treatment: Before the planting, sow the soil deeper. Spread 5 to 50% carbendazim WP per acre, or apply 1 kg per gram of pentachloronitrobenzene. 2. Seed Disinfection: Seed soaking at a temperature of 52°C for 30 minutes or 10% at a time of water soaking for 12 hours. 3. Prevention and treatment at the early stage of disease: After the diseased plant is found, it is not possible to water it immediately, otherwise it will accelerate the development of the disease. Firstly, the seriously ill plant should be removed and brought out of the shed to be treated, then sprayed and irrigated. With 25% Amisite 1500 times, or 10% 1500 times the world, or 72.2% Precive 600 ~ 800 times, or 77% can kill WP 400 to 500 times, or green copper 600 ~ 800 times, irrigate or spray. 4, smoke or dust control method: rainy days, as far as possible with the method of smoking or dusting control, with 45% chlorothalonil aerosol 250 ~ 300g / acre, or 5% chlorothalonil dust 1kg / amu / Second, it can prevent and control diseases and reduce the humidity in the greenhouse.
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Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the use of red or near-infrared light to stimulate, heal, regenerate, and protect tissue that has either been injured, is degenerating, or else is at risk of dying. One of the organ systems of the human body that is most necessary to life, and whose optimum functioning is most worried about by humankind in general, is the brain.
Photobiomodulation
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is the word for the mechanistic/scientific foundation of this photonic speciality, while photobiomodulation treatment (PBMT) is the term for its therapeutic application. The initial version of PBMT was created in the 1960s. The early years of this nascent photonic application were marred by a slew of issues, including a lack of consistency in nomenclature. Biostimulation, Cold/Cool Laser, Low Level Laser Therapy, Soft Laser, and Low Power Laser Therapy were among the terminology introduced. PBM and PBMT are currently the terminology of choice, according to recent agreement in the profession.
PBMT was added to the National Library of Medicine MeSH database in 2015 as an entry term to the existing record of laser treatment, low-level, owing to Dr. Praveen Arany's work. In conclusion, PBM and PBMT are precise and explicit terminology for this crucial and effective therapeutic use of light.
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In biological systems, there are various instances of light-induced photochemical reactions. Light interacts with photosensitive cells in our retinas called photoreceptors to give us vision. A photochemical reaction happens when light is absorbed by these cells, transforming light energy into electrical impulses that are delivered to the brain's visual processing areas. Another photochemical event is the creation of vitamin D in our skin. When the ultraviolet B (UVB) wavelength of sunlight contacts our skin, it transforms 7-dehydrocholesterol, a naturally occurring type of cholesterol, to vitamin D3. The harmful consequences of a lack of light on the human body are widely documented. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and vitamin D deficiency, which causes rickets, are two instances.
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The brain suffers from many different disorders that can be classified into three broad groupings: traumatic events (stroke, traumatic brain injury, and global ischemia), degenerative diseases (dementia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's), and psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety, post traumatic stress disorder).