First, the characteristics of disease occurrence at seedling stage 1, damping-off disease: occurs when the seedlings are not unearthed or just unearthed, and the incidence of large seedlings is small. The emergence of seedlings without emergence, embryonic and cotyledon rot; emergence of seedling emergence, in the base of the young stem appeared flooding, yellow-brown lesions, followed by shrinking lesions were linear, seedlings dead, lodging. In the seedbed, the onset of individual seedlings began, and after a few days the seedlings were expanded to the surrounding seedlings, eventually causing the seedlings to fall. 2. Rhizoctonia: The disease occurs at the time when the seedlings have been unearthed and before transplantation, especially in the later stages of the seedlings. At the beginning of the disease, the affected seedlings produce dark brown lesions at the base of stems. The seedlings are wilted during the day and can recover at night and in the morning. In severe cases, the lesions spread around the base of the whole stem, causing the stem base of the seedlings to shrink, and the shoots and leaves in the shoots die, but the diseased shoots do not stand upright. inverted. 3. Botrytis cinerea: Occurs mainly in the late stage of seedlings, with pale yellow-brown lesions appearing at the tip and leaf margins at the early stage of disease, and then spreading to the entire leaf, even young stems and growing points, resulting in the death of the upper end of the entire seedling. The disease occurs from the point to the film. When the temperature and humidity are appropriate, it often causes the seedbed to die. 4. Sclerotinia: mainly endanger the stems of pepper, sweet pepper, cucumber, watermelon, melon, and other seedlings. In the early stage of disease, the lesions are water-stained and prone to watery rot when expanded, causing seedling lodging and death. 5, anthrax: at the beginning of the onset cotyledons or leaves produce a light brown small round or oval lesions, after the development of a brown to dark brown lesions, stem damage, resulting in oval strip brown lesions. When the temperature and humidity are appropriate, the young leaves and the growing points of the seedlings will easily die after being killed. 6, roots: is a kind of physiological disease, usually the performance of seedlings unearthed after long-term no new roots, root rust outside the young brown, gradually rot, growth inhibition of stems and leaves, leaves gradually yellow, not new leaves. The diseased seedlings can be easily pulled out of the soil. In severe cases, the diseased plants will wilt and die. The root cause is mainly due to rainy days or heavy snowfall, lack of light, seedbed soil temperature is low, humidity is high, the ability of seedlings to absorb water is hindered. Second, comprehensive control methods 1. Seedbed requirements: The nursery site should be a disease-free plot with high altitude, sheltered winds, smooth drainage, and loose and fertile soil. Bed soil should be made of disease-free new soil. If old bed soil or old garden soil is used, there is a possibility of colonization. Bed soil disinfection should normally be carried out. The optimum method is to use 50% carbendazim or 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 10g plus 25% metalaxyl wettable powder 5g per square meter seedbed on fine soil 5kg and mix well before application. When the bottom water of the seedbed is well plucked, take 1/3 of the well-cooked medicinal soil and soak it in the lotus root. After sowing, cover the top of the seed with the remaining 2/3 of the earth, so that the seed is caught in the middle of the earth and the control effect is obvious. And the drug effect for a long time. In order to prevent the introduction of pathogenic bacteria into the seedbed, adequately composted compost should be applied. 2. Strengthen seedbed management: Seeds before sowing are treated with 0.1% of 60% carbendazim hydrochloride ultrafine powder plus 0.1% level and soaking seeds for 50-60 minutes. After washing out, rinse and clean germination, which is beneficial to emergence. Nutrient seedlings or electric hotbed nursery, do seedlings and seedbed frost protection insulation facilities. Cooling bed nursery should use insulation coverings, timely uncovering and controlling seedbed temperature. Control the watering of the seedbed and keep the bed surface dry. The air humidity in the shed is 60-80%. Seedlings are watered in the sunny and warm weather from 10 to 12 o'clock in the morning. After watering, they are released at noon to dampen. Avoid watering in the evening so as not to close the shed after watering and increase the humidity in the shed to induce the disease. Increased light can improve the disease resistance of seedlings. As long as the seedbed temperature permits, it is necessary to remove the opaque cover of the seedbed insulation as soon as possible, cover it properly in the afternoon, and properly see the light on rainy days. 3. Chemical control: At the beginning of the disease, use 15%?f Toxicloxone 400 times spray, 2 to 3 kg per square meter seedling seedlings; 58% Dytomanganese 500 times, or 75% Chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 times, or 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 500 times, or 60% carbendazim hydrochloride 600 times spray, all of which are for damping-off, blight, and anthrax There is better control effect. For the seedling gray mold and sclerotium, 50% fasting WP 1000 times spray, 30% nareli wettable powder 1000 times spray better. The above medicines are sprayed once every 7-10 days during the onset of disease, and sprayed 2-3 times in succession to control the spread of the disease. For the prevention and control of roots, the fundamental measure is to reduce soil moisture and increase soil temperature. Spicy Seasoning,Tofu Seasoning,Cooking Seasoning,Chicken Seasoning Ningxia Ningyang Halal Food Co., Ltd. , https://www.ningyangfood.com
The characteristics and control of vegetable diseases at greenhouse in greenhouse
In plastic greenhouses and solar greenhouses, whether it is early spring cultivation, or late autumn and winter, pepper, bell peppers, tomatoes, eggplants, cucumbers, watermelons, melons, strawberries, and other major fruit and vegetables, such as peppers, peppers, cucumbers, melons, strawberries, etc., are severely seedling diseases. Each year, seedling diseases occur. The death of the seedlings occurred. The most common diseases in pepper, bell pepper, tomato, cucumber, watermelon, melon, strawberry, celery and other nursery stages are damping-off, blight, gray mold, sclerotinia, anthrax, and roots.