In many places this summer, high temperature weather continued. In some places, there have been no effective rainfall for several days, resulting in poor corn growth, some not sticking, some sticking without seeds, and reducing production is inevitable. According to past planting experience, corn production is nothing more than the following: A corn is empty, and the whole plant does not bear corn. This situation is very common in this year's hot and dry conditions. B Corn is bald or the seeds are not full, which is more common. C The lack of grain at the base of the corn and the uneven dispersion of the grain. The above three problems that cause corn yield reduction are the longest phenomenon encountered by farmers' growers. What are the reasons for this problem? A high temperature and drought This is also the most important factor causing this year's corn yield reduction. The normal flowering temperature of corn is about 25 degrees, and the soil moisture is about 70%. If the corn encounters high temperature and dry weather during the flowering and flowering period, it will cause difficulty in corn stagnation, and the silk is delayed. Therefore, the time for flowering of the tassel and the time of silking of the ear is prolonged, and the powdered ear powder is advanced or the top filament is pulled out too late, and the timing of fertilization is lost, which causes difficulty in pollination. Moreover, the temperature in the hot weather is too high, the heading loose powder is advanced or the top filament is pulled out too late, and the timing of fertilization is lost, which affects the corn pollination. At the same time, under high temperature environment, the physiological activity of corn tassel pollen was greatly reduced, resulting in only a small amount of filament pollination, resulting in corn deficiency. In some parts of Shandong this year, in some places for dozens of days of high temperature and dry weather, the pollen of corn tassels is largely killed, and the filaments of the ears are also withered, causing unsatisfactory problems. High temperature and drought affect corn pollination, while during pollination, if there is no wind or rainy weather, the ability of pollination is greatly reduced, thus reducing the chance of fertilization, affecting the yield of fruits and seeds, thus causing the ear of corn often This is also an influencing factor. B lack of water and fertilizer In the stage of corn silking, if it suffers from drought or even rainy weather, the physiological activity of corn is reduced, and the accumulation of organic matter is less, resulting in poor development of maize ears and affecting corn pollination. At the same time, due to drought and high temperature, the fertilizer utilization rate is greatly reduced, the ability of corn to absorb water and fertilizer from soil is weakened, and the supply of water and fertilizer is insufficient in the later stage. Some small flowers are degraded into sterile flowers due to drought or insufficient fertilizer during the differentiation process, resulting in corn grain development. incomplete. At the same time, it is recommended that growers try not to apply single fertilizer when topdressing corn. At present, China's corn topdressing is mainly based on urea and ammonium bicarbonate, and these two fertilizers are mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, which is easy to cause corn to grow up. Late maturity is not conducive to corn firming. It is recommended that growers should rationally apply compound fertilizer, reasonable fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and supplement trace elements such as boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer to promote corn pollination and increase corn seed setting rate. C planting density problem Many growers should know that the high yield of corn in Western countries is mainly due to the high density of planting, but this is the fact that they planted a density of about 6,000 plants per mu, while China's summer maize has an acre of 4,500 plants. Left and right, but we have neglected a problem. The high-density planting in Western countries is premised on advanced high-fertilizer water. However, due to the extensive planting method of ordinary farmers, the excessive planting will lead to the shortage of fertilizer, considering that In dry weather and continuous rainy weather, the photosynthesis of leaves is weakened, and the fertilized embryo at the top of the ear cannot develop into grain. Therefore, we suggest that summer maize should be 4,200 to 4,500 plants per acre, too dense to cause lodging, and there will be no increase in yield. D disease Corn disease growers are familiar with aphids and corn borers. Invasion of corn into the ears of corn can cause biting of corn, causing nutrient transport to be blocked, resulting in poor corn development and affecting final yield. E corn variety problem This problem requires farmers' growers to choose the right corn variety based on previous years' planting experience. Based on the experience of these years, choose corn varieties, try to choose resistant varieties that are resistant to lodging and high temperature and drought. In view of the above main reasons affecting the high yield of corn, we must avoid these problems by taking reasonable measures against prevention and control: A reasonable close planting This is very important. The growers should be properly planted according to the corn variety. Do not increase the planting density arbitrarily. The planting density is too high and it is easy to cause lodging and insufficient supply of water and fertilizer. Reasonable close planting can improve corn permeability, increase photosynthesis, increase ear nutrition, and increase corn ear. B corn control Under suitable water and fertilizer conditions, corn is easy to cause long-lasting corn. It is recommended that growers control the corn when they have 6~10 leaves of corn. You can use growth regulators such as chlormequat, paclobutrazol and ethephon to make plant height. The rod position is reduced and the internodes are shortened. At the same time, the ventilation and light transmission conditions are improved, the lodging is prevented, the female flower development is promoted, the double stick rate is increased, the baldness phenomenon is avoided, and the empty stalk and the greed are effectively prevented. The use of control agents should pay attention to the use of concentration, taking ethephon as an example, the best application concentration is 300 ~ 500mg / kg is appropriate, more than 800mg / kg will cause developmental deformity, resulting in reduced production. C corn to male The old saying in the countryside is that "the corn is emasculated and the strength is as big as a cow". It can be seen that the emasculation of the corn can weaken the growth advantage of the corn, reduce the nutrient loss and promote the development of the ear. However, considering that the corn is desperate because of the high temperature, it is easy to cause heat stroke, and the price of corn is not ideal. At present, this method is rarely used. After all, human safety is the first. D Rational fertilization Under the premise of applying base fertilizer, corn topdressing is very important. Especially in the jointing stage of corn, it is recommended to use NPK fertilizer as the main supplement, and supplement the boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer in an appropriate amount to increase the corn kernels. E Watering in time The growth of all things is inseparable from water, especially if there is no effective rainfall in the corn flare period, conditional growers should be watered in time, and water should be watered during the pollination of corn to avoid affecting the normal pollination of corn. If there is no condition, it is recommended that the growers use the foliar spray of amino acid + brassinolide to improve the corn roots under the foliar surface and improve the drought resistance of the corn. F disease prevention For pests such as corn borers, it is recommended that the growers use 50% Bataan 100 grams per 100 acres of water to spray or fill the heart leaves. It can also be used as a granule with 25% synergistic insecticidal double agent 1 kg plus water 5 kg plus fine sand 25 kg, and 10 kg per acre applied to heart leaf control. The issue of high-temperature yield reduction of corn is mentioned here. If you have any supplements, please feel free to leave a message in the comment section, and you can continue to pay attention to the Huinong School to learn more about crop high-yield technology.
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