Winter pruning tips for grapes

The winter pruning of grapes is an important task for the wintering management of grapes. The pruning can adjust the tree structure of the grape plants, balance the relationship between the growth of the branches and the growth of the fruits, so that the branches on the frame are evenly distributed and maintain good ventilation and light transmission conditions. Recently, the reporter interviewed Fang Yulin, a professor at the College of Wine Science, Northwest A&F University, and asked him to explain in detail how the grapes should be pruned in the winter.

Trim time

Fang Yulin introduced that the pruning of grape plants is generally started after two weeks of natural leaf fall of the grape plants. In areas where burial and cold protection are not required, the pruning time can be continued until the second year when the plants begin to grow; in areas where cold-buried soil is required, plastic pruning is usually completed before the soil is buried.

Three basic trimming techniques

Cutting is also called short shearing, which is to cut the branches from the internodes. It is mainly used in the pruning of the new branches of the year, and is the most important method for grape winter pruning. When cutting, note that the position of the cut should be 3~4 cm higher than the branch of the branch, and the direction of the cut should be slightly inclined to the opposite side of the bud to ensure the normal sprouting and growth of the cut bud. At the time of cutting, it can be divided into long-tail trimming, middle-tip trimming, and short-tip trimming according to the amount of bud retention. The long-cut pruning branches have 7 to 12 buds, which are mainly used on the main spreading long branches; the mid-tip pruning branches have 4 to 6 buds, which are mainly used in the result branch pruning, in the trimming fence It can be used with scaffolding, but it is only suitable for branches with strong growth potential; the amount of shoots for short-cut pruning is 1~3, and this pruning method is mainly used on growing branches, through short Tip trimming can ensure that the new shoots in the next year have a strong growth.

Sparing is a common method used to update branches, which is to completely cut the branches from the base. The purpose of thinning is to remove the weak branches, the dead branches, the dense branches and the weakened, main-side vines that need to be renewed. When branching, pay attention to the cut and the kerf not too close to the mother branch, so as to avoid the dryness of the wound when the wound heals and affect the nutrient transport of the mother branch.

Shrinking is mainly used for branch group updates. The effect of the shrinkage is to remove the old branches that have been fruited before, leaving behind the new branches, so that the new branches are in a dominant position to prevent the branches from growing too dense and the resulting parts to expand outward.

Branched and main vine updated trim

"For adult trees over the years, the branches and main vines have successive results. After a few years, the base is gradually thickened, the cuts are increasing, the water and nutrient transport capacity is weakened, and the resulting capacity and output are reduced. There must be a planned gradual update and update. The purpose is to weaken and strengthen." Fang Yulin said that the branch group update can select a strong branch near the lower part for the middle tip trimming, and use the short tip of the branch close to the base to retract and retract the fruit. The weakened branch group is removed from the base. The main vine update is mainly for the old vines that have been grown for more than 10 years. They are sawn off from the base and replaced with fresh and cultivated new vines.

Fencing and shelving of grapes

Fang Yulin said: "The existing grape production in China mainly consists of two kinds of cultivation methods: hedgerows and scaffolding." Grapes need to be buried in wintering areas. In order to facilitate soiling, the hedgerow cultivation usually adopts a main trunkless multi-romantic fan-shaped tree. Shape, scaffolding cultivation uses a dragon tree shape. Here we will introduce you to the two tree-cutting methods in detail.

Fan-shaped tree-shaped pruning: There is no trunk and more main fan-shaped tree shape, which is the fan-shaped tree we often say. It is characterized by: 3~5 main vines are directly born from the ground, there is no trunk, and each main vine is There are 3~4 result branches in the side of the vine, and all the branches are fan-shaped on the frame. The general principle of fan-shaped tree pruning is to maintain the tree structure of the plant, and determine the number of fruiting branches according to the yield requirements, so that the plant always maintains a stable result ability.

The specific method of the fan-shaped tree-shaped winter shear: a young tree of one year old, choose two strong branches with similar growth as the main vine, the branches stay 0.6~0.8 meters long, cut at the full buds, and the remaining branches stay 2~ 3 buds and short shoots; two-year-old saplings, the previous year as the main vines on the branches, a number of new branches were selected, the top is thick as the extension branch, the height is at the second wire, leaving 5~ 8 buds were cut, and the remaining branches were left with 2~3 buds. For adult trees of more than three years, the distribution of the branches of the vines was first observed. For the annual stalks that were drawn from the base, The first wire is cut near the height of the wire, and it is used as a preliminary main vine. For the perennial main vine, the side vine is selected according to the size of the space, and the result of the side vine is trimmed in the middle and short ends, which will be dense. The side vines are removed from the base. The extended branch on the main vine is trimmed at the mid-tip; the main vine is removed from the base for the weakened main vine.

Duoman tree-shaped pruning: For a young tree of one year old, a strong new branch is left for each plant during winter shearing, and the main vine is cut at a position of about 1 meter. The thickness of the cut is required to reach 1.2 cm or more; for two years; Young saplings of tree age, the new vines on the main vine leave a bud cut, the main vines are 1.5~2.0 meters long, and the cut thickness is required to reach 1.2 cm or more; for the saplings of three years old, the new branches on the main vines remain 2~3 buds were cut short-tailed, as the result of the next year, and the newest branch was selected for long-tail pruning as the main spread long branch. In this way, the stereotype work of the dragon tree is basically completed. For the winter shear of the adult tree, it is mainly to maintain the shape of the dragon tree, and to cultivate and update the trimming group on the main vine.

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