First, soil and fertilizer water management land improvement: apricot orchard should be frequently deep-turned and improved so that the thickness of the soil layer is more than 80 cm. Deep turning can be done in combination with fertilization in spring and autumn, once every 3 years. Rational fertilization: Basal fertilizer is dominated by organic fertilizers, and it takes time after the autumn shoots stop. Top dressing three times a year, before the flowering mainly fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer; fruit enlargement period of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer; fruit post-harvest nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer. Watering and Drainage Apricot trees are mainly watered with three types of water: water before flowering, hard water, and water after fruit picking to meet the needs of growth, fruiting, and flower bud differentiation. Second, flower and fruit management Apricot is a strict cross-pollination fruit trees, must be a good artificial flowering pollination. In the year of high sitting rate, artificial fruit thinning should be carried out. Thinning flowers can be combined with artificial pollination. Thinning fruit, small fruit spacing is about 8 cm, and large fruit spacing is about 10 cm. Can also be combined with pruning or short cut flowers. Third, pruning sapling pruning: The best use of a spindle-shaped tree, 70 cm to dry, the first year to cultivate 3-4 main branches, and a short cut at 40 cm to promote its germination 2 branches. In the second year, 3-4 main branches of the second layer were cultivated, combined with pruning in summer, the resulting branches were cultured on the main branch, and the main branches of the extension branch were left to expand the canopy shortly. In the third year, 2-3 main branches are cultivated, and the others are the same as the second year. Fruit pruning in the early fruit period: Strengthen the summer pruning (topping, brushing, pulling branches, etc.), increase the amount of branches, and ease the tree vigor to speed up the full fruit period. 3 Pruning of fruit trees: Adjust the relationship between growth and results, maintain a stable tree vigor, and extend the age of fruit. According to the growth of branches, the space of each part of the canopy, proper thinning and cutting, using strong buds to rejuvenate, and the pendulous branches and auxiliary branches should be retracted in time. Fourth, after harvesting the fruit after harvesting, the young branches will be opened and the tree posture will be eased to promote flowering. The two shoots were continued on the new shoots to promote branching and culturing sticks. The branches, crosses, overlapping branches, thin and weak branches and legged branches in the canopy were cut off to reduce tree consumption and accelerate flower bud formation. After top dressing, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were topdressed once. Combined deep fertilization once, depth of about 20 cm. V. Apricot tree main diseases and their control methods 1, apricot disease 1 cut away diseased, diseased leaves, remove the fallen leaves, diseased branches, centralized treatment. 2 before germination, spray 5 Baume degrees lime sulfur; after spraying leaves 0.3 Baume degree lime sulfur or 1-2 times Bordeaux mixture. 2. Apricot Bacterial Perforation 1. Strengthen orchard management and increase tree vigor. More organic fertilizer, rational use of chemical fertilizers, reasonable pruning, proper irrigation, timely drainage. During the dormant period, the fallen leaves and fruit were cleaned, the diseased branches were cut off, and the treatment was concentrated. 2 The new orchard should choose good varieties, topography and soil. 3 chemical control. Before germination, use Bordeaux's solution of l:l:120 or 4-5 Baume degree lime sulfur, spray 0.3-0.4 Baume degree lime sulfur in the posterior leaf of the leaf. 5-6 spray zinc sulfate lime liquid l: 4: 240, the best test before use to prevent phytotoxicity; also available 65% dexamethasone WP 500 times. 3. Apricot brown rot disease 1 combined with winter shearing to remove diseased branches and fruit, cleansing deciduous and fruiting concentrated treatment. Field pest control in a timely manner. 2 before bud spraying 1-3 Baume degree lime sulfur agent. In spring and rainy seasons, 50% SulfoMax is used as a 1000-fold solution before and after the flowering period, Benzene 2,500-fold, or thiophanate-methyl 1000-times, and 65%-moisturizing agent-500 times. Before harvesting, use the above-mentioned agent or chlorothalonil 800 times. 4. Apricot rickets 1 strengthen the cultivation and management, enhance tree vigor and improve tree resistance. 2 timely pest control, trunk whitening to reduce tree wounds. 3 After the dormant period scrapes off the lesions, 5 Baumite Lithosulfur is applied for protection. 4 Growth season combined with prevention of other diseases The tree was sprayed with 70% chlorothalonil 800 times solution and thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times. V. Apricot tree main pests and their control methods Apricot pests mainly include moths, red spiders, peach borers, aphids, giardins, chafers, almond bees, apricot weevil, apricot ball aphids, and red neck beetles. Can be sprayed before flowering 3 Baume degree of lime sulfur at a time to prevent apricot balls and cure diseases such as red spider mites. Two days before flowering, malathion prevented chafers, or shocked trees sooner or later, and culled chafers artificially. During the growth period, 2-3 times of effective cypermethrin is used to prevent apricot balls from attacking and curing P. minors, aphids and giardia. After harvesting, the fruit was sprayed with 20% dicofol 800 times to control red spider. In late autumn, the tree plate is deeply turned and the bark is scraped in winter to reduce the source of overwintering insects. 5. Apricot scar disease Identification points: harm the leaves and shoots, etc., to fruit victims. Onset of fruit produces dark, green, round spots that become purple black or black when the fruit is ripe. Lesion infection is limited to the surface, and as the fruit grows, cracks develop in the affected fruit. The shoots of the shoots are presented with long-circle brown lesions, and afterwards the lesions are uplifted and often produce fluid. Diseases and health organizations have clear boundaries, and pathogens are limited to surface infections. In the spring of the following year, the lesions turned grey and produced black spots. Occurrence of leaves on the back of the leaves appear irregular or gray-green lesions, after the disease turned brown or purple, and finally the lesions dry off, forming perforation. Control measures: 1 Bud spraying 3-5 Baume degrees lime sulfur or 500 times sodium pentachlorophenol. After the flower spray 2-0.4 Baume degree lime sulfur, 0.5: l: l00 zinc sulfate lime solution and 65% zein zinc 600-800 times liquid, later growth period combined with other diseases control spray fruit 70% chlorothalonil 600 Diluent; or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times. 2 Combine the winter shears to remove the diseased branches and focus on the treatment. Reasonable pruning to prevent tree closure. 3 strengthen cultivation and management, improve tree resistance. 6. Apricot Degenacy The disease causes root rot, dry rot and dry ulcers caused by Phytophthora fungi, leading to debilitating growth and even death. Phosphoric acid can effectively control neck rot and dry rot. In the 20-year-old apricot trunk injection of 8-10g/strain of phosphoric acid, and then inoculated with bacterins, the prevention of disease formation time of up to 12 months. If injected after vaccination, phosphoric acid can delay the development of the lesion and allow it to dry and heal. 8. Branch Blight The branch blight is mainly caused by wounds in the sensitive dormant period. One of the most important control measures is to postpone the pruning to the spring and use the king copper to treat the tree in winter. Bacterial branch blight is the main cause of dead branches. It is wet in autumn, cold in winter and spring, and severe when the soil is acidic. It can be controlled by some chemical agents. Both fungal or bacterial branch blight are invaded by wounds. Pruning should be carried out within the growing period of the current year and ending in mid-June. This period is resistant to disease. 9. Apricot stem cancer is a new branch disease found on apricot trees in recent years. It seriously affects tree vigor and yield, and even causes tree death. The etiological analysis initially proved that it is caused by pathogen infestation, pest damage, or deficiency. Due to the shed.
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7. Apricot leaf burn disease The disease was first discovered in Austria in 1978 and was endemic in 1985, 1986, and 1987. After spraying the leaves, the control of Mn-Zn was very effective. It can effectively reduce the proportion of damaged leaves on short and long branches.