After the piglet is born, wipe the mucus on its mouth and nose first. If time permits, anti-inflammatory drugs can be applied to the umbilical cord incision, and the piglets can then be placed in the piglet area or warmed to dry. Or you can allow larger piglets to breastfeed for an hour and then limit it to two hours. Larger piglets can consume more than 100 ml of colostrum in the first hour and will not be affected by short-term feeding restrictions. Weak piglets can stay with sows. Before entering the piglet area, they can have enough nipples to breastfeed. The main cause of death of piglets is hunger. In other words, the biggest problem besides stillbirth is the lack of vitality or low birth weight of the piglets, which means they cannot eat milk and cause death. Birth weight is important for the survival of piglets. 8-10% mortality before weaning is very common, and about 40% of dead piglets have a birth weight less than 1.0kg. These weak piglets face the greatest risk. Because sows rarely pass the placenta to pass the antibody to the piglet before the birth, the piglet must take colostrum after birth in order to obtain passive immune protection. To live piglets, they should be placed in a warm environment at birth so that they can keep their energy in the body and find sows as soon as possible to safely breastfeed. Heating The mortality rate of piglets in the first week of their lives can be as high as 20%, and most of them do not freeze to death or die. Newborn piglets are particularly sensitive to cold and moisture. Their skin is very thin, there is very little fat in the body, and the proportion of body weight to the surface area of ​​the skin is very low. Their ability to regulate body temperature is very weak, and their regulatory system does not develop until 3 weeks of age. The normal body temperature of pigs ranges from 38°C to 40°C. After the piglet is born, body temperature may drop by 1°C within half an hour, depending on environmental conditions. If conditions are right, body temperature will return to normal after 24-48 hours. At the same time, the energy available for the piglets to mobilize at any time when they are born is very limited, and they need to be breast-feeding in time to maintain blood sugar levels after birth. If the blood sugar level cannot be maintained, the piglets will fall into shock and die. The cold environment quickly depletes the energy reserves of the piglets, weakens the piglets and reduces the chance of survival. For 5kg piglets, it is generally accepted that the ambient minimum critical temperature is 29°C. As the piglet grows, its tolerance to low temperatures increases - the critical minimum ambient temperature for piglets weighing 10kg is 24°C. (The above is the temperature requirement at low airflow speed). The sow will feel uncomfortable at the temperature where the piglet is comfortable. In order to ensure a proper birth environment for piglets, the temperature in the delivery room should be accurately controlled within the range of 18 to 20 °C. In the piglet area far from the sow, the piglets need to be provided with additional heating. Auxiliary heating Because the temperature requirement of the newborn piglets is very different from that of the sows, special heating or laying of straw is needed in the piglet area. At present, the Nodding-type piglet box is used more and more widely in the delivery room. This kind of piglet box is made of a material with good thermal insulation properties. Double plastic hanging curtains are arranged on the front and the temperature control effect is very good. On the first day of life, the temperature in the piglet area was controlled at 40°C, and then slowly decreased. The temperature was lowered by 1°C per day and dropped to about 29 to 30°C at 10 days of age. Specially weak piglets (including severe eight-legged piglets) can be placed in an incubator to achieve better results. The incubator is a dry box with a temperature-controlled heating lamp. Here, they can have a warm and comfortable environment and avoid being pushed or stepped on by sows. You can feed these weak piglets with a baby bottle or stomach tube and wait for them to recover before putting them back with the sows. If the ambient temperature is too low, the piglet needs to eat more food to barely maintain the body temperature; if the environment is warm enough, the piglet can eat less food and grow efficiently. Weak Care Even with good environmental conditions, piglets may be naturally frail. It usually includes piglets that are delayed in delivery or have a low birth weight. Such piglets are difficult to move and have a high risk. They can easily die before reaching the nipple, or they can be crushed by the sow. Even if you can reach the nipple, you may be too frail to breastfeed, especially if you are competing for nipples with other piglets in your litter. Make at least five nipples for weak piglets and let them breastfeed for a short time. Keep them in the lowest 50-60 ml colostrum within the first hour of birth. Then let all the piglets breastfeed together. In most cases, as long as there is a warm environment and adequate food, piglets will recover quickly and healthily. Feeding with a baby bottle and stomach tube In order to ensure that the piglet can consume sufficient amount of colostrum, colostrum can be collected at the time of sow delivery and fed to the weak bottlenose in the bottle. Colostrum collection can be performed after the sow has produced one or two piglets and collected in wide-mouth containers. Most nipples should be squeezed during collection. If the colostrum is not used up on that day, it can be stored frozen in the refrigerator, used when needed, and heated to body temperature before use. The small ice cube freezing tray is ideal for freezing colostrum. In addition, commercial colostrum (for example, Resus®) can also be purchased. Every weak piglet needs 20-30 ml of colostrum every two hours until it is capable of resuming its activity. It is usually fed with a bottle. However, if the piglet has not yet developed a normal swallow reflex, use a gastric tube to feed, or intraperitoneal injection of 20% glucose solution 10ml. If you do not have sow colostrum, you can also use colostrum substitutes or cow colostrum feeding, which can be done with a syringe or gastric tube. Can be stored frozen and reheated to body temperature if needed. Fostering Previous foster care was used as a special technique to solve the following problems: • Sow dead or severely ill after childbirth and unable to feed the piglets; • Sows produce a large number of healthy piglets and not enough teats; • Very large numbers of litters, or particularly uneven individual piglets. Now, with the increasing popularity of bulk delivery technology, fostering and the so-called “cross fostering†are becoming more and more routine. This is often the case in the delivery room where one sow is struggling to feed a large number of piglets, while the other sow is feeding lightly three or five piglets. In this case, a number of piglets given to the small litter can be bred from the big nest to achieve a good balance. The problem of heterogeneity in litter size piglets is more common, and through cross fostering, the weight of piglets raised by each sow is even. When the weight of other litters in the litter is very high, the chances of survival are very low for piglets with small birth weight. However, if other piglets in the litter are also very weak, their chances of survival are great and they grow very quickly. In order to carry out cross-parenting as a routine task, it is required that the sow foster time differs from each other by no more than 6-8 hours. Even if the farm does not plan to use cross fostering as a routine task, this measure can be taken in case of an emergency, provided that the following points are followed: Allow 4-6 hours for the piglet to ingest colostrum and then send the piglets that are competitive. - The piglets sent should not be weaker than the litters and should not be weighed less than the litters. Do not send new-born pigs to sows that gave birth 48 hours ago - ideally, sows that are delivered within 24 hours. Do not send piglets born more than 48 hours to the sows that have just given birth. It is advisable that the two sows give birth at the same time, so that the opportunity to succeed in sending vaginal effluents or urine to sow piglets on foster piglets is great. If the previous item cannot be guaranteed, the foster piglets can be transferred to a box together with the litters, heated by heating lamps, and then returned to the sow. It is also possible to spray all kinds of odorous substances, such as beef oil, vanilla extract or cod liver oil, on all relevant piglets in order to mask their inherent body odor and thus achieve certain success. However, there are risks in doing so, and it is possible that all piglet sows do not recognize it. The effect of delivery during the same period can now be achieved through the use of prostaglandins, so cross fostering has become an extremely valuable animal husbandry technology. Artificial nursing It may be necessary to artificially feed piglets born between 1 and 2 weeks of age because: Overweight The sow died Slow growth Overweight Sometimes even if there are still a lot of piglets that have adopted foster care measures, there are still sows that are not nursing. In this case, artificial feeding is needed. Piglets should be ingested into colostrum before they are transferred to artificial nursery areas. This increases the chance of survival. The environmental conditions of the artificial nursing area are of the utmost importance. It must be hygienic, warm, free from the wind and comfortable. Commercial feeding units can be purchased on the market. The feeding unit is equipped with an automatic liquid feeder, the rest part is equipped with a temperature control device, and the defecation area is equipped with a leakage screen. In the case of automatic feeding, feed once every 60-90 minutes and feed 20-30 ml of feed each time. If fed by hand, it can be fed 4-6 times a day, 40-50 ml each time, and gradually increase to 80-100 ml each time. There are many varieties of swine milk substitutes, but practice has proven that bovine colostrum and artificial colostrum are very effective. When the live weight of the piglet reaches 3kg, the dairy-based solid diet can be fed. The reason for this is: If a piglet always feeds on a liquid diet, it is prone to diarrhea. Feeding a solid diet is beneficial to gradually change the formula of the diet and helps the pig's digestive system to develop in advance. Compared with solid diets, pigs are particularly prone to ingesting liquid diets and cause digestive problems. The temperature should be controlled at 35°C and then gradually reduced until the piglets drop to 29°C at 5kg body weight. Dry preparation (grain-based) For the purpose of early weaning, dedicated diets can be purchased, but the wheat-based diet or oatmeal diet listed in the table below can also be used. It is important to ensure that piglets are provided with fresh, clean drinking water at all times. Before 28 days of age, slowly change the formula of the diet so that by the age of 28 days, the diet formula just became a typical weaning diet. The sow died If sows die after birth or no milk and there are no conditions for fostering, consider artificial feeding. If the piglet lost its mother early (1-2 days old), the treatment is the same as the above "too much calving." If the mother died 1 week or later, you can feed the liquid diet for a few days and then switch to a solid diet (based on dairy products). The value of feeding a colostrum diet at this age stage is small, and simple mixed diets are sufficient. Formulation of artificial milk The following recipes can be pre-formulated and stored frozen in the refrigerator. Heat up to body temperature with proper amount before use. Feed 3-5 minutes each time and let the piglet eat as much as possible during this period. As a reference, each piglet feeds 10-20 ml at a time and gradually increases to 80-100 ml (3-4 times per day). It is important not to overfeed, otherwise diarrhea may occur. Specific feeding program: Feed every 4 hours on 1-2 days, ie 4-6 times daily; 3-4 days of feeding every 6 hours, that is, feeding 3-4 times a day; After that, it is fed once every 8 hours, ie 3 times a day, until 10-14 days, at which point the solid feed can be used instead of artificial milk. Slow growth ('malnutrition') Even with cross fostering techniques, piglets often fall far behind other piglets in their litter. This phenomenon is particularly evident at 7-10 days of age, especially in large nests. At the time of weaning, such piglets will be much lower than other piglets, and they will not be able to thrive and even die afterwards. This is mainly caused by malnutrition. It may be that the sow's nipples are dry, or that the piglets have difficulty breastfeeding due to too many litters or excessive aggressiveness. Piglet anemia When piglets are born, their stock of iron can only be maintained for 3-7 days, so they must consume enough iron from the outside world. Under natural conditions, piglets can obtain enough iron from the soil, but in intensive farming, the pigs are bred and fed indoors and cannot take in soil. Moreover, some soils contain very low amounts of iron, or exist as compounds that cannot be absorbed. If the piglet is raised on the concrete floor, iron deficiency symptoms will soon appear. The sick piglet’s breathing was heavy, sickle-like and the whole body was weak. The eyes, the mucous membranes of the oral cavity are pale, and the original bright pink of the skin fades. As the disease progresses, white, mortar-like diarrhea will appear. If there is no iron, piglets will not be able to synthesize hemoglobin, thus affecting the ability to carry oxygen and thus limiting The development and vitality of the organization. Piglets can take some iron (1 mg/day) from breast milk, but the iron in the milk does not meet the minimum need for healthy growth of the piglets (7-8 mg/day). Pigs will eventually die if they do not ingest iron from other sources. Give piglets a clean soil every day and sprinkle with ferric sulfate solution. Or you can use ash, sprinkle with copper-iron solution. There are various oral iron preparations that can be placed behind the tongue of piglets; this iron preparation is best administered within 36 hours of birth, otherwise the effect will be poor. Iron preparations may also be added to piglet drinking water, and the drinking fountains are located in the piglet area. Iron sulfate ointment can be applied to the sow's nipple and applied once every 2-3 days. Use iron shovel bricks. The pig house - A special iron injection is injected into the piglet tissue with a syringe so that the iron can be slowly absorbed into the blood. This is the most reliable method of supplementing iron in critical times. The neck is the best injection position. When the piglets start to feed the suckling pigs, the iron they receive can meet their growing needs. Piglets will grow slowly and prone to illness if they are deficient in iron. The mortality rate of iron-deficiency piglets will be relatively high, and live piglets will take a long time to reach the market weight, so that each pig's profitability will be reduced. Broken tooth Piglets are born with eight sharp teeth and may need to be cut off. These juvenile teeth are very sharp and can scratch the sows' breasts. When biting, they can also scratch the skin and cause secondary infections. The problem of sows with residual piglets may be related to the juvenile teeth of piglets. Broken teeth should not be used as a routine task. However, if the problem of juvenile teeth persists in the herd, the teeth should be broken and the broken teeth should be performed within 3 days after the piglet is born. Broken teeth can be completed with a strong nail clipper. The nail clippers should be disinfected before breaking the teeth and, as far as possible, only the cusps (upper quarters) should be cut. The nail clippers should be sharp and clean. Do not crush the teeth when cutting and do not leave sharp edges. Be careful not to cut too close to the gums, otherwise it will create a new infection. Broken tail In order to avoid biting each other, the tail of the piglet is cut off at 1 to 2 days of age. The reason why pigs bite tails is largely unclear, but it is generally believed that they are related to stress. Excessive stocking density and poor environment are the two main stress factors, but it has been found that many other factors, including severe feed restriction, severe imbalance in diets, and severe ectoparasite problems, are related to tail biting. If the problem of tail biting is serious, all factors should be comprehensively examined in order to formulate appropriate coping strategies. Pigs that do not have a tail will not cause any economic loss, but if they become infected due to tail biting, the problem is complicated. Infections can seriously affect the growth rate and even lead to the death of pigs. They also affect the quality of pork and are classified into inferior grades in slaughterhouses. If you plan to do a tail-break, you should end the tail before 7 days of age. The best time is 1-2 days old. At this point the tail is broken and at least 2 cm of part should be left in the root. Pigs older than 7 days should not be tailed unless the situation is urgent. Castration Adult boar meat has a special odor that is more pronounced when cooked and heated. For this reason, many slaughter units do not receive boars. Even if they do, prices are very low. According to local market requirements, boars may need to be castrated. Castration should be done by trained operators. Castration surgery requires the animal to be fastened and the testicles removed with a sterilized sharp tool such as a knife or scalpel. It is recommended that the castration be performed after 2 days of age when the piglets have already established a breastfeeding order, but should not exceed 7 days of age. If castration is performed on pigs older than 7 days, a suitable fixing device must be used for reliable fixation. Surgical castration can be performed according to the following instructions. Ready to work It is mainly hygienic conditions, especially the field of pigs after feeding. If possible, castration should be performed dry and cool weather, and try to avoid unnecessary stimulation of the pig. Need to prepare a very sharp knife (best scalpel), gauze, disinfectant and containers and other equipment. If one person operates, use a cage to fix the pig. If there is a tetanus problem on the farm, it is best to give the pig a tetanus antitoxin prior to castration and to provide immunity for 3 weeks. Operation process Hold the pig firmly and expose the abdomen. Hold the two hind legs apart to allow enough room for operation, but do not separate too much to grip the testicles. Wash the scrotum and its surrounding area with a disinfectant and wipe dry. Use your thumb and index finger to squeeze one testicle away from the scrotal center line. Only a small amount of pressure is needed to cut the skin of the scrotum with a knife. Make a 15mm long incision with an incision depth to reach the testis. The incision should be lower to facilitate liquid discharge. Testicles are squeezed out of the incision and detached from the testicular sheath. Cut the white ribbon (vas deferens) and let it retract automatically. Then use a knife to poke up and down the rest of the connecting tissue and cut it off - this will avoid excessive blood loss, and if it cuts off directly it will drain a lot of blood. In the same way, the other side of the testicle is removed - do not remove the other side of the testis through the septum septum. Postoperative treatment and management A clean surgical wound heals faster than the wound, especially if the surgical environment is clean. If medication is used, use a reliable disinfectant or antibiotic powder. Postoperative pigs must be kept in clean fields. If the fields are dirty, dusty, or muddy or weedy, they often cause wounds to purulent. It should be pointed out that the feed conversion efficiency of warty pigs is poorer than that of male boars, and the backflies are thicker than boars and have slower growth rates than boars. Before deciding to castrate, you should fully weigh the pros and cons, especially if you want to raise the pig to a higher weight. As the name implies, this is placed in the piglet area for feeding feed for suckling piglets, and sows can't reach this feed. During the lactation period, the sow's lactation peaked in the third week and then slowly declined. However, as the piglet grows, its nutritional needs will exceed the ability of the sow to lactate and therefore require additional supplementation. When the piglet is very young, the digestive system is not yet fully developed and it can be difficult to digest solid foods. In fact, in the first 2 weeks of life, piglets can only fully digest milk protein (casein), lactose, glucose and fat. The piglets in this stage are mainly dairy products. By 2-3 weeks of age, the piglet's enzyme system has evolved to digest more starch, sucrose, and non-dairy protein. Piglets supplemented with suckling pigs develop more mature than those who only eat breast milk. By supplementing the suckling pig feed, the development of the digestive system of the piglet can be promoted in order to meet the need for weaning. In addition to reducing weaning stress, there are the following benefits for supplementing piglets: It is possible to minimize the effects of different milk supply levels on different nipples. Make the piglets gain weight steadily and continuously before weaning. The efficiency of early weight gain is the highest. Supplementing suckling pig feed can maximize the weaning weight of the piglet and reduce the age of the slaughter. Efficient use of sucker feed makes early weaning possible, thereby reducing feed intake during sow lactation and reducing sow costs. process Piglets in different litters have different feed intakes, but usually start at 1-2 weeks of age. As early as 2-3 days old, you can sprinkle a few grains of feed or grain in the piglet area to induce the piglet to feed. Spreading these foods on clean soil sometimes also stimulates piglets to feed. It is not until 2-3 weeks of age that the piglet will obviously consume a certain amount of milk feed. Note that the amount of each addition must be less, and the leftovers should be cleared away every day. The feed can be placed on a clean floor, but it is best to place it in a rotating depression or in a ceramic dish. Add five or six times a day, as the feed intake increases, the feed can be placed in a solid trough instead. However, the amount added should allow the piglets to finish within 24 hours. As the piglet grows, its feed intake will increase, which can be changed to a small automatic feed chute. However, the amount of feed held in the trough should not exceed a few days of feed intake, and still requires daily inspections to see if the chute is clogged and the material is deteriorating. Fillers should be based on the principle of a few times. It is important to ensure that the feed is fresh and palatable so as to stimulate the piglets' interest in feeding. In addition to suckling pigs, it is also important to provide piglets with clean, fresh drinking water throughout the day. Farm Power Network The feed for piglets is mainly used to supplement the nutritional needs of piglets, and the nutritional needs of the piglets of high-production sows often exceed the sow's lactation capacity, which in turn requires the use of sucker feed. Pig farm practice often buys commercial milk pigs, which are processed from cooked grains and a large number of dairy products. The starter should contain a digestion energy of at least 15.0 MJ (MJ)/kg (DE/kg) and 0.9 g of digestible lysine/MJ DE. As mentioned above, this feed is largely based on dairy products, and the next milk swine feed/weaning feed should also contain at least 5% milk powder. For the 14-day weaning situation, the requirements are more stringent. Supplementing the feed for suckling pigs can improve the effect of increasing piglet weight gain, reducing weaning problems, and making the slaughter weight more uniform. The benefits generated by these effects are sufficient to compensate for the increase in costs associated with sucking pig feed. If weaning is between 24 and 28 days of age, then the goal for feeding piglets before weaning should be 600g per head. If feed intake before weaning is low and feed management does not keep up after weaning, weaned piglets tend to have an antigenic response to feed. Before the three-week-old weaning, it is best to feed 250g or more of the suckling pig feed. The weaning at the age of 4 weeks is 400g. After weaning, the feed intake goal in the first week is 150g/day, and it should be raised to 250-300g/day in the second week. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients,Indole 3 Methanol,Daidzein Extract,Diosgenin Extract Shaanxi Kepler Biotech Co.,Ltd , https://www.keplerherb.com
These 'stuck' pigs can be brought together for captivity or fostered to a newly weaned sow. However, at this age, fostering is often difficult and the effect of prolonged lactation on the sow must also be considered. The sows to be eliminated can be fostered. Regardless of the measures taken, once it is decided, it should be implemented as soon as possible to prevent further deterioration of the condition of the weak piglets.
Iron supplement
Tail breaking should be done in a clean environment. It can be done with a scalpel, castration, scissors or cloth scissors. It is best not to use bactericides or other ointments before breaking the tail. To prevent bacterial infection, disinfectant can be applied to the tail root wound after the tail is broken. If tail biting occurs, it indicates that there are problems in certain aspects of production. It is necessary to check the environment and management process of the pig house. After solving the related problems, tailing events can usually be avoided.
equipment
Pig feed