(1) The meaning and characteristics of the symptoms of flowers and insect pests Symptoms refer to the abnormal performance of flower plants after they are harmed by pathogens or pests. The symptoms caused by pathogens can be divided into two parts: symptoms and symptoms. Symptoms are changes that manifest themselves after the flower is damaged, such as necrotic spots, wilting, mosaics, etc.; illness refers to the condition and characteristics of pathogenic microorganisms produced by the diseased part. Non-invasive diseases only show symptoms without symptoms, and invasive diseases have both symptoms and conditions. The types of pathogenic microorganisms that cause diseases are different, and the symptoms are different. Viral diseases do not produce symptoms; bacterial diseases are relatively simple and usually only produce pus in the diseased part; fungal diseases often produce a variety of disorders such as powder, black spots, and bacteria in the late stage of disease. Nuclear and so on. The symptoms of various flower diseases have certain characteristics and their relative stability, so they can be used as an important basis for disease diagnosis. (b) Common symptoms of flower diseases 1. Types of symptoms (1) The spots are caused by the necrosis of local plant tissues. The roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits of flower plants can all occur. According to the spot traits can be divided into round spots, angle spots, stripe spots and so on. The color of the lesions is also gray, brown and black. Some circles also appear on the lesions. (2) Tripping or standing dry is a common symptom of flower seedling disease, which is caused by the necrosis of seedling stem base or root. The diseased department rots and curls, causing the seedlings to fall down. However, the seedlings are still green, which is called cataplexy. The seedlings have been infected with a certain pathogen when they have a certain degree of lignification. The roots of the seedling rots are rotted but not lodging, but stand upright. Withered, it is called standing. (3) Discoloration refers to abnormal color of plants after the flowers become sick. The common color change is chlorosis, yellowing or mosaic. (4) Wilt As the invasion of pathogens, the vascular tissue in the root or stem is damaged, and the normal supply of water is not enough to cause the plants to wither. This is called wilting. This wilting cannot be restored. The other is caused by a temporary lack of water. This physiological wilting is generally restored when there is a supply of water. (5) There are two types of decay: dry rot and wet rot. The cells in the succulent area are disrupted and disintegrated, resulting in wet rot or soft rot; disintegration of less watery and hard tissue cells results in the formation of dry rot. This condition can be caused by the invading pathogen, but it can also be caused by abiotic factors such as excessive watering. (6) After the malformed flower tissue is damaged, the affected part is locally overgrown or underdeveloped, causing the flower parts to lose their original characteristics. Such as leaf curling, root formation of tumors, foliage and so on. 2. Type of illness (1) The moldy layer of different colors produced by the diseased parts of molds, such as downy mildew, black mold, gray mold, etc. (2) Powdery diseased parts, such as white powder, rust powder, etc. (3) The punctate disease department produces many small spots, mostly black, which is the fruit body of the fungus. (4) The nucleus of the nuclear disease department is produced by the collection of hyphae. (5) Mycelia Mycelium produced by pathogenic fungi in diseased parts. (6) Septic mucus produced in the pus-like disease area. Gum particles or pellicles become dry under dry conditions. This is a disease unique to bacterial diseases. (3) Common symptoms of flower pests 1. Nick or perforation This is the characteristic left behind by chewing mouthpart pests encroaching on the leaves of flowers. Leaf larvae such as leafhoppers, hawkmoths, etc. cause nicks or eat entire leaves; larvae of leafhoppers and some leafhoppers often cause leaf perforation, younger larvae feed only on leaf, leaving leaves leaving only the veins and epidermis . 2. Spotting This is the characteristic left behind by the sucking mouthpart pests that damage the leaves of flowers. Such as horses, leafhoppers, leafhoppers and so on. 3. The larvae of the subalpine miner are responsible for the leaves, and often leave trails of various properties in the leaves. 4. Deformity Some pests can form worms or worms in the leaves. 5. Some insects such as stalk beetles and leaf-eating insects that are infested with dry shoots can cause them to form dry shoots. 6. Some pests in leaf rolling or weaving leaves harm the leaves of the flowers and then wind the leaves upside down, or wrap the leaves into various characters; pests with weeding habits often adhere to the leaves by filaments together. 7. Traces of crawling snails, slugs, and other pests crawl over the leaves, when the dew is dry, often leaving traces of gray or silver-white creep. 8. Insect and excreta pests feed on excrement or excretion. If Tianniu, etc. eat flowers and stems when the excrement of a large number of insect excrement and wood residue, aphid secretion of honey and other dew. 9. The excretions of coal-stained aphids and scale insects contain a large amount of sugars, which can induce the generation of coal pollution and cause a black soot-like mold layer to be distributed on the leaves of plants.
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