One, the main pest 1. It is also known as lala and earth dogs. Adult crickets (when the wings have been fully grown) and nymphs (whales are not fully grown) are harmful to potatoes. It uses mouthparts and large claws (forefoot) to tear the underground stems or roots of potatoes into turbulence, causing wilting or death in the top of the ground, and sometimes eating buds, so that the buds cannot grow, resulting in lack of seedlings. It burrows tunnels in the soil and separates the radicles from the soil, which ventilates the air, causing water loss, affecting the growth of the seedlings and even death. It bites tubers in the fall, causing them to form holes, or to make them susceptible to decay and rot. The adults and nymphs of earthworms move up and down in the ground as the soil temperature changes. When the winter dive 1.2 to 1.6 meters to build a hole to sleep. In spring, the ground temperature rises and it goes up to a depth of 10 cm in the tillage layer. During the day, underground and nighttime activities on the ground. When the temperature is high in summer, it reaches a depth of about 20 centimeters. In the fall, it goes up to the tillage layer to harm. In general, there is more organic matter, and the salt in the lighter area of ​​the earth is harmful to earthworms. 2. Also known as ground silkworm, it is a larva of a beetle. In the potato field, it mainly harms the underground tender roots, underground stems and tubers, bites and drills, and breaks neatly, so that the supply of nutrients and moisture on the ground stems will not be able to supply and die. After tubers are drilled, they cause loss of quality or cause decay. Adults (scarabs) also fly to the plants and bite the leaves. Both cockroaches and their adults can overwinter and move up and down vertically in the soil. Adults are less than 40 cm below the ground, larvae are overwintered below 90 cm below the ground, and spring rises again to a depth of about 10 cm. It likes organic matter and likes to live in the mane dung. Adults are active at night and lurk in the soil during the day. The larvae have 3 pairs of pectoral feet, body fat, milky white, often curled into a horseshoe shape, suspended animation. 3. The golden threadworm is also called a wireworm and is a larvae of the tassel. In larvae, the buds, roots, and underground stems are drilled in spring. The slightly thicker roots or stems are rarely snapped, but the seedlings are gradually wilted or dead. Autumn larvae drill into the tubers, forming a hole in the flesh, reducing the quality of tubers, and some will cause decay. Adult worms and larvae of the adult worm can all drill into the soil below 60 cm in winter to get winter worms, leave wormholes when drilling, and rise to cultivating layers in wormholes in the spring. When the soil temperature exceeds 17°C in the summer, it gradually moves downwards; after the fall of the surface temperature in the fall, it enters the cropping layer again. The larvae are white when they hatch, and they change color as they grow. They are shiny and hard, 2 to 3 cm long and slender. 4. The ground tiger is also called the silkworm, cutworm. Large larvae are harmful. Adults are a kind of night moth, which is divided into small tigers and yellow tigers. Ground tigers mainly endanger the seedlings of potatoes and other crops, snapping seedlings near the ground, killing the whole seedlings, and often dragging snapped seedlings into wormholes. When the young larvae are young, they also bite on the young leaves, making the leaves appear nicks and holes. It will also bite tubers in the ground and bite holes smaller than the bite. The larvae of ground tigers are yellow-brown, dark brown or black-brown larvae, which are generally 3 to 5 cm long. Small tigers prefer a wet and humid environment, with large field coverage, many weeds, and high levels of soil moisture. Yellowland tigers prefer arid environments, have low humidity requirements, and are afraid of heat in summer. Their adults have phototaxis and molasses. Second, control methods The above-mentioned several kinds of underground pests are different, but they have similarities. They are all underground activities, so the prevention and control methods are generally consistent. 1. The autumn is deep and deep. Destroy their overwintering environment, freeze to death a large number of winter larvae, mites and adults, reduce the number of overwintering, reduce the risk of the next year. 2. Clean pastoral. Remove weeds and debris from fields, fields, land, ground and gutter sides, and bring them out of the ground to reduce the number of larvae and eggs. 3. Trap adult worms. The use of molasses traps and black light lamps, fresh horse dung piles, and grass handles, etc., to trap and kill adult phototaxis, molasses, and horse-feces, respectively, can reduce adult oviposition and reduce the number of larvae. 4. Chemical control. Use poisonous soil and granules: When sowing, use 1% of trichlorfon powder 3 to 4 kg per acre, add 10 kg of fine soil, or use 3% carbofuran granules 1.5 to 2 kg and Dafeng Lei et al. Shun ridge spread in the ditch, poison kill the harmful insect pests. Or in the cultivator when the above pesticides are sprinkled on the roots of the seedlings, poisoning pests. Irrigation: Use 40% phoxim 1500-2000 times solution to irrigate the roots at the seedling stage, 50-100 ml per plant. The use of baits: a small area of ​​control can also use the above pesticides, mixed with fried wheat bran, corn or bran, made of baits, spread in the field at night.
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