[Front edge] Nature crack 40 years translation puzzle

A research project led by the Australian National University (ANU) fills an important gap in the understanding of the basic process of life, based on the formulation of proteins called RNA. The study was published in the journal Nature.

RNAs are short-lived copies of genetic information stored in DNA. The ribosomes read them and translated them into proteins that are the main building blocks of life.

Professor Thomas Preiss, principal investigator at the Australian National University's John Curtin Institute of Medicine, said the new understanding opens up new avenues for treating a wide range of diseases, including cancer, heart disease and a range of rare genetic diseases.

Professor Preiss said: "We first captured a life-critical process in operation. This translation process has puzzled scientists around the world for nearly 40 years."

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The researchers took a snapshot of how the ribosomes distributed along the RNA strand, paying particular attention to the mechanism by which the ribosome ensures that the formulation is read from the correct starting point.

Whole body cells contain the same complete life blueprint in their DNA. "To build and maintain a wide variety of cells in the brain, bones or liver, great precision is required when and where to use RNA formulations," Professor Preiss said.

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