High-yield cultivation techniques of interplanting and processing spinach in mulberry orchard in coastal areas

Dongtai, Jiangsu is a well-known large sericulture county in the country. It is also a well-known pollution-free vegetable production base and export vegetable base. Especially in recent years, the agricultural technology promotion department cooperated with Dongtai Aoliwei Food Co., Ltd. and other vegetable processing enterprises in the city. In the southeast of the province, where sericulture production is concentrated, vigorous development is made of mulberry garden scientific jacket cultivation, amaranth and other processed vegetables. At present, the annual planting area is more than 5333.3hm2, and the 667m2 mulberry garden has increased the benefit by 2,000 yuan. The specific technology is described below.

Selection of 1 Mulberry Garden and Environmental Requirements for Producing Areas of Mulberry Garden for Processing and Exporting Vegetables

To select Xintuo Sangyuan *. Adult mulberry gardens generally require 2.5m hoe, planting four rows of trees, large and small, 1m in large rows, 0.75m in small rows, and 0.75m in plant spacing.

Generally, drainage should be smooth and the fields should be dry in the rain. The mulberry garden is close to the water source, so the irrigation is convenient and the water source is clean. The surrounding environment is good. It is required to be more than 2km away from highways and main transportation arteries, and there are no large-scale livestock and poultry farms, large and medium-sized biogas projects, urban and rural domestic landfill sites, or garbage transfer stations within 5km of the mulberry gardens for processing and exporting vegetables.

2 kinds of pre-preparation and mulberry garden management requirements

Promote mulberry breeding techniques, especially late autumn silkworms, try to pick and feed, try to pruning or gather branches as soon as possible after climbing up the mountain, that is, pruning the diseased branches as soon as possible and take them out of the mulberry garden for destruction, so that the mulberry trees can gather nutrients for rooting ; The method of arranging branches is to use straw to pierce the branches into a tube shape with a diameter of about 30cm.

Dig out and expose early. The mulberry garden has less medicine, rich food, and more underground pests. It can be dug out and exposed to the sun before the early frost, so that the eggs and pathogens lurking in the cultivated layer can be exposed to the ground, which can be eaten by flying birds and natural enemies. The digging depth is preferably about 15cm. Pay attention to the location of the digging and turning soil away from the tree root by about 20cm, and try not to hurt the tree root.

Clean the mulberry garden and eliminate the spray of chemical pesticides, which can not only damage the mulberry tree, but also control pesticide residues and protect the soil microbial environment.

3 Essentials of Spinach Seeding Techniques

3.1 Variety selection and treatment

Processing and exporting spinach should be based on the manufacturer's requirements. Inner Mongolia round-leaf spinach or Japanese all-around spinach are mostly used in coastal areas; 667m2 is 7.5kg, and the increase in sowing is mainly based on the characteristics of uneven spinach seedlings. Take it to the market or send it to the factory for processing. This will not only increase production by more than 30%, but also continuously ensure the supply of raw materials, and avoid concentration in the factory or going to the market. After the seeds are purchased, they should be often exposed to sunlight. When planting, they should be mixed with plant ash to remove the thorny seed shells outside the seed. At the same time, mix 2 to 2.5 kg of 25% carbendazim powder.

3.2 Fertilization

Prior to planting, mulberry gardens that have been dug out are given a basic fertilizer, and every 667m2, the bottom fertilizer power king 50 ～ 80kg, 45% sunny day potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer 40 ～ 50kg; or 25% field grain organic and inorganic compound fertilizer 120 ～ 150kg + Huinong Lehai Silicon Fertilizer 1kg; or 25% organic food fertilizer for field grains 100kg + 45% Yanyangtian potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer 40-50kg + zinc sulfate 2kg. The use of chicken manure and other untreated livestock and poultry waste excretion as basal fertilizers must be avoided. All basal fertilizers must be mixed evenly and applied to the soil, and then the soil can be finely trimmed with a six-tooth rake. More than 5cm.

3.3 Sowing, Covering Seeds, Loquat Water

The proper planting period for interplanting spinach in mulberry gardens in the coastal areas is generally controlled from the end of October to the beginning of November. If conditions permit, it can be advanced to mid-October. If it is too early, spinach is not easy to sell, causing insects and easy to grow; Immediately after sowing, the thickness of the seed cover is 0.5 to 1 cm, whichever is not exposed. After the sowing of the whole field is completed, the water is used to make the water. The specific method is to pump the water through the water (ditch) with the pump. The water is not the surface of the mulberry garden. The standard is to see the moisture in the spinach planting line. If it is irrigated by drought, it will be allowed to dry out naturally. Under normal circumstances, it will open into the underwater river after irrigation and climbing.

3.4 Field Management of Spinach

â‘  Thinning, thinning, and water-controlling spinach can be thinned after 1 week to prevent over-density. The young seedlings that come out in the morning can be sold on the market. If the seedlings are planted too early or the weather temperature is high after sowing, the harvest should be increased. The water and fertilizer should be covered with dry fine soil to prevent the growth of spinach.

â‘¡ Prevention of low temperature cold wave and freezing damage. If low temperature cold wave strikes during the winter, it should be covered with sunshade nets or corn stalks. If it is severely frozen, hoe (ditch) water should be poured through to increase the humidity of mulberry soil to resist freezing damage.

â‘¢ Control of spinach diseases and insect pests Spinach seedlings and the beginning of spring are subject to high temperatures and high humidity, which is prone to aphids. Clean the garden in time and do a good job of controlling aphids in the surrounding vegetable fields. Time to go to dense seedlings, weak seedlings, to facilitate ventilation and healthy seedlings. Combined with thermal insulation and antifreeze, a silver gray shade net was used to avoid aphids. Spray with 20% fenvalerate 2000-3000 times solution, or 50% anti-amivir (aphid fog avoidance) 2000-3000 times solution. Pay attention to early control, and stop spraying 10 to 15 days before harvest. Spinal leaf miner fly generation in spring *, choose 1000 times liquid 50% phoxim EC, or 2000-3000 times liquid 20% sterilizing ester, 80% trichlorfon soluble powder, 90% trichlorfon Crystal 1000 times liquid control. Pay attention to stop using the medicine 10 to 15 days before harvesting, and combine it with the control of aphids to rotate the medicine.

Downy mildew often occurs around the winter or Hunchun under appropriate environmental conditions. At the beginning of the disease, spray 40% ethyl phosphine aluminum wettable powder 200-250 times liquid, 58% methyl cream · manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid, 64 % Antiseptic alum wettable powder 500 times liquid, or 72.2% pricox (prednisocarb) water 800 times liquid control, spray once every 7-10 days, continuous spray 2 or 3 times.

3.5 Harvest of spinach

Generally, it can be harvested 30 days after sowing before winter, when the plant height is 20-25cm. Spinach sown after winter can be harvested only 30 to 50 days after sowing. * After the second harvest, it is collected once every 20 days or so, a total of 3 to 5 times. When harvesting, it is usually cut along the ground with a kitchen knife, and then the packaging is labeled for listing or directly on the market or sold to the acquiring manufacturer; it can also be pulled up and cut with a kitchen knife or washed with a root. Attention should be paid to "fine picking, uniform picking and even picking." On the basis of strictly in accordance with the requirements of the purchaser, we should first choose the large and small, and the dense and thin, so that the spinach can fully grow, increase production, and extend the supply period.

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