Yan Cailan, from Dagang Town, Yandu District, Yancheng City, said that a local farmer used lotus ponds to grow lotus roots. The annual yield was good. After just a few years of cultivation, the pods produced today have a layer of rust and have a poor appearance and low prices. I don't know how to prevent rust on the body. First, the cause of rust stains The newly excavated earthworms have red and maroon rust spots on the body surface, which is a common phenomenon in production. According to observations, the lotus roots planted before and after the Ching Ming period began to go on the market in mid-May. The hot weather from June to October was the peak period of rust formation on the surface of lotus roots. After November, the rust spots began to fade. Less often, there is basically no rust in the corpus callosum around the Spring Festival. How is the rust formed? There are many different arguments. Some people think that it is during the growth process of lotus root that air is continuously transferred from the leaf surface through the aeration tissue into the underground part for gas exchange. Oxygen in the air and ferric oxide in the soil are deposited on the surface to form rust spots. Some people think that the surface of lotus root is rusted, which is mainly related to the physiology of lotus root and rust water. The occurrence of rust in the south is caused by the weathering of pyrite, which produces hydrated iron oxide through a series of complicated reactions. Hydrated iron oxide is hardly soluble in water, suspended in water as particles, and slowly precipitates to form rust spots on the surface of lotus roots. The above two statements do not clearly state the formation of rust on the surface of the carcass. In particular, the second argument, which is referred to as hydrated iron oxide, is iron in which trivalent iron is completely oxidized. Hydrated iron oxide is widely present in the soil. Because it is hardly soluble in water, it is generally tightly bound with soil particles and does not float in water. Even if a small amount of suspended iron oxide is suspended in water, it will only uniformly precipitate various objects distributed in water, including soil. It will not only precipitate on the gills and be enriched on its surface. Therefore, this statement is basically wrong. However, both of the above arguments consider that the rust on the surface of the carcass is related to iron. This is indeed the case. Experts have examined the composition of rust spots and found that they are rich in trivalent iron and ferrous iron (ferrous iron, in which the iron is not completely oxidized). How is the rust on the surface of the carcass formed? The author believes that the analysis of the causes of rice root browning in rice cultivation is worth learning from. The tip of a new root or root of rice has the ability to emit oxygen to the rhizosphere soil, which can oxidize the ferrous iron in the soil within a few millimeters of the surrounding area into hydrated iron oxide compounds that precipitate outside the roots, thus keeping the roots intact. white. In the middle and old parts of the root, the oxygen release function is weakened, and the rhizosphere oxidation ring is reduced to the surface of the root, so that the hydrated iron oxide compound precipitates on the surface of the root, forming a yellow-brown or russet iron film (the root is constantly secreted Oxygen transforms the water-soluble ferrous iron into hydrated iron oxide with poor water solubility, and the concentration of ferrous iron around the root decreases, and ferrous iron in the distant place will continue to diffuse around the root and be oxidized into hydrated iron oxide. Is the root cause of iron enrichment around the roots). Under the conditions of soil hypoxia and strong reduction, toxic hydrogen sulfide, ferrous and alkane reducing substances, and various harmful organic acids are generated in the soil in a large amount, and the oxygen release capacity of rice roots is insufficient to oxidize this. Substances, these substances will be deposited on the root surface or invade the root body, making the root black, grayish or water-stained. The good permeability of the soil can increase the proportion of white roots without the appearance of black roots, gray roots, and watery roots. The same situation will occur on the underground stem of lotus root. Luan Cailan reflects that the crickets produced by the farmers in the first few years have no rust. The rust produced in the pods may be due to the accumulation of organic matter such as leaves, petioles, and roots of the remaining pods in the pond. Organic matter rots in the bottom of the pool, consumes a lot of oxygen, and causes a serious lack of oxygen at the bottom of the pool. A large number of reducing substances such as hydrogen sulfide and ferrous iron are generated in the soil, resulting in the formation of rust spots. Especially in the period of high temperature from June to October, the microbial activity is strong, organic matter accumulating at the bottom of the pool rapidly rots, and it is more likely to cause the formation of reductive substances such as soil hypoxia and ferrous metals, and rust spots are most likely to form on the surface of carcasses. . This is a reasonable explanation for the peak period of rust formation on the surface of lotus roots during the warmer period from June to October. As for the autumn and winter cold seasons, surface rust spots will be reduced or even disappeared. This may be due to the fact that the accumulation of ferric oxide on the surface of mantle does not continue to increase during the low temperature season, and the organic acids in the soil will continuously dissolve the iron in the rust spots. , is no longer enriched in the body surface. Second, rust prevention and treatment Based on the above analysis, the following measures can be taken to prevent carcass rust spots. (1) Choose fields that are rich in fertile soil, low in ferrous iron, and deep in soil. In particular, the oysters that have been produced have always had rust patches, and it is not advisable to continue farming. (2) To reduce the amount of organic matter that has not been matured in Dianchi Lake in order to avoid the large amount of organic matter rot in the high temperature season, so that the soil is severely deprived of oxygen and its reducibility is improved. For ponds or paddy fields that are continuously seeded for 3-4 years, they should be rotated for 1-2 years or for rice 1-2 years. It is also possible to use a combination of picks to concentrate or compost unfailing organics such as eucalyptus leaves on the spot, and then apply them to Dianchi Lake after maturity. When organic fertilizer is applied to Dianchi Lake, adequately cooked manure or compost should be applied and no unfertilized manure should be applied. After the newly excavated lotus root is washed with soil, if it is found that there are rust spots on the body surface, it can be placed in a large basin and rinsed with citric acid solution 1-2 times to remove rust spots. Generally use 10 grams of citric acid particles to add 15 kg of water, you can wash 60-75 kg. The lotus root washed with citric acid water will turn black after 4-5 hours and the taste will change. 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