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(1) High temperature: The high temperature heat damage has an adverse effect on the growth and development of vegetables and the formation of yield. It is the basic reason for the formation of a “deep autumn†in the supply of vegetables. For example, tomatoes in the early flowering stage encounter temperature above 40°C will cause flower fall, and the longer the duration, the lower the rate of fruit set. The pollination rate of kidney bean at temperatures above 30°C will be greatly reduced; the cucumber's net assimilation rate above 32°C will decline. . Guangdong has a long period of high temperature in summer, and even heat-resistant vegetables such as melon and cowpea will grow poorly. Only heat-resistant water spinach and pumpkin grow more than normal.
Defensive measures: 1 Spring sowing fruit vegetables (such as tomatoes, peppers) to avoid sowing too late, and to strengthen early water and fertilizer management, promote lush foliage, to reduce the sun, strong seedlings can also improve the ability of high temperature resistance; 2 more planting tolerance in summer Hot vegetables such as wax gourd, gourd, cowpea, water spinach, etc.; 3 Set up high-temperature off-season recharge production bases in cold mountainous areas with high altitude (above 600 meters); interplant high-stem crops to cool shade; such as eggplant and sweet pepper Species; 5 timely watering, cooling through evaporation cooling. In the hot and dry season, spray irrigation is the best, but watering should be avoided at high temperature before and after noon, because sudden cooling will cause physiological obstacles to the vegetables; 6 cover shading cultivation. Summer shade net (cold yarn) cover cultivation, can prevent direct solar radiation burns vegetables, compared to open ground cultivation cooling 3-5 °C, Xi Liang vegetables can be more summer; 7 application of growth regulators to control the falling flower. If 2.4-D soaking and p-oxyphenoxyacetic spray are used, tomato and eggplant can be prevented from falling due to high temperature.
(2) Heavy rain: The main hazards of heavy rain on vegetables are: First, the impact of rainstorm after sowing, the seeds are washed to the bottom of the ditch or exposed to the soil surface, resulting in lack of seedlings; Second, after the emergence of the rainstorm washed on the table, the root dew In space, after sunny days, the vegetables sprouted and wilted; the third was that the various vegetable seedlings were damaged by rainstorm machinery, their growth was reduced, their output was reduced, and their market volume was small, resulting in the phenomenon of “high price of vegetables lessâ€.
Defensive measures: vigorously build water conservancy, dredge rivers, reinforce seawalls and embankments, renovate easy-to-use areas, implement deep-groove and high-altitude cultivation, and maintain trees and trees to maintain water and soil, and the trenches in the fields should communicate with each other to facilitate drainage and irrigation. When it is rainy, it is necessary to drain or mechanically drain water in time. The flooded plants must wash away the silt on the stems and leaves in time, remove the rotten leaves, straighten the plants, and dry the soil in time after the soil is slightly dry. In addition, deep ploughing and soil improvement and the application of organic fertilizers can improve the physical properties of soil and increase the water seepage capacity, which has a certain effect on reducing rain and dampness.
(3) Tropical Cyclones: Tropical storms can be caused by storms. They can be blown directly onto the melon bean scaffolds, smashing vegetables and leaves, and destroying the seedlings, causing the melon beans to fall and drop fruits and vegetables. The production of vegetables is damaged; the typhoon torrential rain is accompanied by rising tides. Low-lying vegetable fields tend to drown water and drown vegetables; cause soil moisture and compaction, reduce soil permeability and affect root growth. After tropical cyclones, various vegetables are destroyed, water and fertilizers are lost, air humidity is high, and temperatures are high. In hot weather, it is easy to induce the growth and development of various diseases and insect pests, and finally lead to a decline in output, a sharp drop in vegetables on the market, and a significant increase in vegetable prices.
Defensive countermeasures: 1 Establish a tropical cyclone detection and monitoring network; 2 Strengthen research on the occurrence of tropical cyclones and study of their defensive countermeasures to improve their forecasting and forecasting capabilities and defense effectiveness. 3 vigorously create shelterbelts. 4 Do a good job of preventing wind damage. 5 Reasonably arrange crops so as to achieve advantages and avoid disadvantages. 6 Strengthen the construction of wind and flood prevention facilities. 7 Remedy after disasters; 8 Establish laws and regulations for disaster prevention and reduction.
(4) Thermal thunderstorm: In the summer, due to the strong solar radiation, the ground is rapidly warming, prompting a large number of hot and humid air to rise violently, often producing strong thunderstorms. This is called thermal thunderstorm. It mostly occurs in the afternoon, and the more sweltering and windless weather is, the more likely it is to happen. Although thunderstorms bring some oxygen fertilizer to the growth of vegetables, they often bring about great harms. For example, they have a great impact on cucumber, eggplant and leafy vegetables. In particular, young seedlings are more harmful.
Defensive measures: The best way is to water in time after rain and use sprinkler irrigation better. Because watering can fully saturate the cultivating layer and bring moisture into the oxygen, eliminating the toxic gases, the root's respiration will improve and the water absorption function will increase. After irrigating the water, it can also reduce the humidity, which is conducive to the growth of vegetables and is not conducive to the reproduction of pathogens. Watering can also be used to flush sludge that is splashed on the foliage, which is beneficial for photosynthesis.
Midsummer Protection against Vegetable High Temperature Storm Damage
At present, it is in a hot and rainy season. High temperatures, heavy rain, tropical cyclones and hot thunderstorms often hit agricultural crops, especially for early rice and vegetables.