First, pests Whitefly is the main insect pest. Adults are white in color and similar in size to S. sinica, and mature larvae are slightly yellowish-white in color. The larvae feed on the stalks, causing damage to the chlorosis and wilting of the tip of the pods in the early stages, gradually turning reddish to yellow from top to bottom, and the stalks turning brown and rot. Finally, the whole plant withered. In the event of childbirth and ramets, the number of tillers is reduced, and it is affected during the ball-breaking period, which affects the expansion of bulbs and reduces the yield. The White Pelicans have occurred in Lechang City for 4 generations a year, and the 4th generation has become the main pest. The cocoon moth has peaked in mid-September, peaked from late September to early October, and the larvae damage period is mid-October. . The larvae live in the larvae in winter. Prevention and control measures: (1) Before the beginning of March, clean up and concentrate the burned stems and stems left over from the field in time to eliminate the overwhelming insect source; (2) Chemical control. The amount of mu is more than 50, and it is applied at the hatching peak of the larvae (15 days after the emergence of the adult). The agent can be applied with 3% Milur granules 1-1.5 kg mixed with a small amount of smut, or 98% Bataan 100 g replenished 100 jin sprayed 2 - 3 times, keeping the shallow water layer when spraying . Second, the disease 1, stem blight. Locally known as "red leaf disease" is a fungal disease. The pathogen is Paniculata spp. The disease is fierce and rapid. When the temperature and humidity are suitable, it can cause the mast to fall into a fallen position, resulting in small knots or no knots. The results of years of investigation show that when the incidence is 20%, the yield loss is about 50%, and when the incidence is 50%, the output loss is more than 80%. The leaf sheath was first attacked at the base and initially presented as a dark green water-stained, irregularly shaped lesion. Afterwards, it expanded to the entire leaf sheath. The diseased part was gray and white with short black spots (spore disks). Stems were infected, with watery stains at the beginning, spindles or ellipses, and irregular dark green patches. The diseased stems became soft and depressed, and small dark spots were also found on the stems. When the humidity is high, the lesion can produce a light gray mold layer. Mycelia mainly overwinter in diseased tissues, and conidia are disseminated by wind and rain. The temperature is 17--29°C, continuous rain or dense fog, heavy weather, which is conducive to the epidemic. The disease began in mid-to-late September and the epidemic peaked in October. If the planting is too dense and the ventilation and light transmission are poor, the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer or the shortage of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the early stages will lead to more serious diseases. 2, blight. The pathogen is a special type of Fusarium oxysporum. The disease is a devastating disease. Generally, the affected plants do not produce scars. The disease can develop throughout the growing season, especially in adult plants, that is, from late September to October. The bacteria latent on the stem bulbs wintered. At the seedling stage or in the infected plant, the base of the diseased stem is browned first, and the plant growth is weak, dwarfed and yellowing. It seems that there is a lack of fertilizer. Afterwards, a few tillers start to wither, and finally the whole plant withers; the roots and stems become infected and become dark brown and soft. Plants dead or lodging, pink viscous material is seen locally, that is, branches of robes and conidia; bulbs infected with blackish brown rot. 3, stalk rot. The pathogen is Curvularia crassa. The incidence of stems was yellow to brown, and the stems were shorter and finer. The majority of the diseased parts were in the middle and lower part of the stalks. The diseased department was dark gray at the beginning and became dark and irregular lesions afterwards. The disease and health boundaries were not obvious, and the tissues became soft and easy to fold. When the humidity was high, the diseased part could produce dark-colored sparse moldy layer. The disease usually occurs when the growing season is strong in mid-September, and after 10 months the disease is slow or stagnant. The soil is thin, the soil is shallow or lack of fertilizer, the terrain is low, and the water is too deep to be susceptible to disease. 4, gray mold. The pathogen is Botrytis cinerea. Occurs mainly in the harvest and storage of the stem bulbs, more than in the wound to produce a gray mold layer, that is, pathogenic conidiophores and conidia, damaged bulbs internal dark brown soft rot. Humidity in the storage period is heavy. The pathogenic bacteria are overwintering on the stems and sicknesses of alfalfa with hyphae or conidia. The conidiospores spread through the air stream and invade the wound. Control measures: 1, promote the rotation. In particular, the old production areas have three or more years of rotation. The selection of disease-resistant varieties is also one of the effective measures for disease prevention and control. 2. Strengthen field management. Remove stubble stems from the field. Control nitrogen fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and increase plant disease resistance. Pay attention to irrigation and drainage methods, and separate irrigation and drainage to prevent string irrigation and flooding to prevent pathogens from spreading with the water stream. 3, pharmaceutical treatment of bulbs and seedlings. Use 25% carbendazim WP 250 times or 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 times to soak bulbs for 18-24 hours before seedling. Soak the seedlings for 18 hours before planting. Disease. 4, to seize the appropriate spraying protection. During the growing season, a timely inspection showed that a small number of diseased plants were sprayed, and 77% could kill 100 grams of water and spray 50 kg of spray, or 25% of carbendazim wettable powder 250 times, or 10% of WDI water dispersible granules. 1500 times the liquid, began to spray when the onset, once every 10 days, even spray 2 - 3 times.
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