Compared with the large fruit type pumpkin, the small fruit type pumpkin has a relatively short growth period, early ripening, each plant can bear multiple fruits, the fruit is small, the shape is bright, and has the dual functions of edible and ornamental, tender melon crisp, ripe melon powder Sweet, and thus loved by the people. The key cultivation techniques are as follows: 1. Cultivation method It can adopt the method of transplanting or direct seeding. 2. Site preparation and sufficient base fertilizer Choose plots where no cucurbitaceous crops have been planted before. Before planting, turn over the white soil deeply, apply 25~50kg of lime per mu, and then break up the rake to make a deep ditch with high borders, generally 30-50cm high, 90-100cm wide, and 20-30cm wide. The base fertilizer is organic fertilizer or bio-organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer. It does not use organic fertilizers such as human and animal manure and urine that have not been fermented and rotted, have not reached the harmless index, and have heavy metals exceeding the standard. Apply 500-800kg of rotten cooked pig, cow and duck manure or 75-100kg of peanut bran, 40-50kg of ternary compound fertilizer, and 50kg of superphosphate, which can be applied in a deep trench in the middle of the border, or when deep turning. The whole field should be mixed mechanically or manually after spreading, covered with drip irrigation equipment, and covered with black film or black non-woven fabric to prevent weeds and retain water and fertilizer. 3. Nursery 1. Nursery facilities. The nursery facilities for small fruit pumpkins mainly include thermostats for germination and heat preservation, which are used for heat preservation, rainproof and shading greenhouses (greenhouses), small arch sheds, simple sheds or rainproof sheds, and nutrient cups for nutrient soil or Plug tray. 2. Preparation of nursery soil. The nursery soil for small fruit pumpkins can be selected from peat soil, coconut bran, perlite and other special nursery substrates, or it can be prepared by itself. For self-distribution, generally choose top soil or pond mud, coconut bran (mushroom residue) and decomposed organic fertilizer in high-quality fields that have no source of diseases and insects and have not planted melon vegetables for more than 3 years. 1 cubic meter of nutrient soil is added with 0.5-1kg of ternary compound fertilizer, and it is put on the plate and set aside. 3. Seed treatment. In order to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests during the planting process, it is necessary to carry out sun-sowing or soaking in warm soup to kill part of the young eggs, viruses, and bacteria attached to the surface of the seeds. Soaking seeds in warm soup often use 55℃ warm water for 10-15 minutes. After natural cooling, continue soaking with clean water for 4-6 hours, then wash the seeds with clean water. If sowing in early spring, the environment temperature is low, after soaking, conduct constant temperature germination, wrap the cleaned pumpkin seeds with gauze and moisturize them, put them in the environment of 28℃-30℃, until more than half of the seeds are exposed After that, you can sow. If planting in autumn, the environmental temperature is higher during sowing, and seedlings can be raised directly after soaking without germination. 4. Sowing and seedling management. Before sowing, the seedling substrate or nutrient soil is drenched with water, a shallow hole slightly larger than the seed is hit on the substrate, and the seeds are placed, 1-2 grains per hole. After sowing, cover with a thin substrate or nutrient soil, pour enough water, and then cover it with a film to keep it warm or moisturizing or shading net to shade and cool down. After the cotyledons were unearthed, the film or shading net was opened in time to observe the emergence of the seedlings, and the "seed cap" was removed in time to avoid affecting the expansion of the seedling leaves of the pumpkin. Moisture should be carried out according to the principle of "early water early shower, late water late shower", it should not be watered at noon and high temperature, and the amount of water should not be too much. At noon, pay attention to strengthening ventilation to prevent the occurrence of long legs and cataplexy caused by high temperature and high humidity. At the seedling stage, 800 times the solution of 72.2% haloxacarb hydrochloride saline can be sprayed 1-2 times. At the seedling stage, pay attention to controlling temperature and water to prevent the seedlings from growing too long. The general daily temperature does not exceed 30°C, and the night temperature does not fall below 15°C. 4. Colonization The optimal planting period is when the seedling grows to 2 leaves and 1 heart. When planting, select seedlings with consistent growth, relatively stout, cotyledon intact, green and green leaves, no pests and diseases, and short hypocotyls for planting. The planting should be carried out on a sunny afternoon or early morning, with nutrient soil or substrate planting, plant spacing 60-80cm, planting 600-1000 plants per mu. 5. Field management 1. Moisture management. After planting, melon seedlings enter the slow seedling stage, the growth is relatively slow, the water requirement is not large, and excessive water should not be poured, so as not to affect the growth of new roots, or cause rotten roots and cataplexy. After the end of the seedling delay, the water demand gradually increases, and the number of water sprays can be determined according to the weather and growth conditions. Generally, the water is sprayed once every 1 to 2 days on sunny days, but not on cloudy days. Keep the soil moist before flowering, water properly during flowering and fruit setting, and keep sufficient water during the fruit expansion period. During the growth of pumpkins, waterlogging prevention work is also required. After each heavy rain, the field water discharge must be checked to ensure that the rain stops and the water recedes to avoid diseases caused by excessive humidity. 2. Fertilization management. Small fruit type pumpkins require a large amount of fertilizer, and the characteristics of the fertilizer requirement are that the front is lighter and the heavier, and the base fertilizer is usually applied and the top dressing is appropriate according to the growth situation. Generally, no fertilizer is applied during the seedling-lowering period. Fertilization can be applied after the seedling-ending period ends. The main effect is quick-acting fertilizers. For example, it is better to use water-soluble fertilizers in combination with watering. The small fruit type pumpkin enters the vine extension period, applying 10-15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per acre to promote vine extension, increase plant nutrient accumulation, and facilitate the formation of female flowers and melon sitting. After the female flowers open, control the fertilizer and water to prevent the plants from getting too long. When the fruit grows to 0.3-0.5kg, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened to promote fruit enlargement, and ternary compound fertilizer and 5-10kg of potassium chloride should be applied per mu. The fertilizer is applied once per harvest, and it is applied 3-4 times in a row. Attention should be paid to top dressing: first, do not apply fertilizer during rain or after continuous rain; second, do not apply nitrogen fertilizer (especially fast-acting nitrogen), but apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer together, otherwise it will affect the quality of small fruit pumpkin. 3. Take a stand. The creeping growth of pumpkin is easy to cause rotten fruit, so small fruit pumpkins are mostly cultivated by scaffolding, and the scaffolding methods are divided into "human" frame and flat scaffold. The "People" frame is generally symmetrically inserted with bamboo poles of about 3m along the border, crossing at 2/3 of the pole height, and connecting the intersections with long bamboo poles; the "People" frame is simple to build, low cost, and convenient for agricultural operations , Used more in the field production. Flat scaffolding, generally with bamboo or wood as the column, 1.8-2m high, with bamboo or wood as the top frame, paved with thick bamboo poles at a distance of 30cm to form a roof; flat scaffolding is more complicated to construct, higher in cost, and is not convenient for agricultural operations, but It is easy to watch melons and fruits, easy to pick, and is often used in leisure picking gardens such as family farms. 4. Pruning. The main side vines of small fruit type pumpkins can all form melons, and pruning can be carried out by single or multi-vine pruning. The single vine pruning method is to take a single vine for pruning before the fresh melon. Before the melon seedlings are put on the shelf, all side vines should be removed to retain the growth and results of the main vine. The multi-vine pruning method is to top the melon seedlings when 5-6 true leaves are planted, and select 2-3 stout side vines. No sun vines are left on the side vines, and they are put on the shelf directly. The single-vine pruning method is recommended in production, and the multi-vine pruning method can be adopted when the number of seedlings is insufficient. 5. Lead man. Each seedling uses 1 bamboo pole or 1 rope to lead the vine to the shelf. There are two methods for introducing vines, one is the direct vine growing method, that is, when the melon seedlings begin to spread, they will lean on the bamboo poles or ropes to let them grow on the shelf. This method should be used when there is more rain in the spring planting. The other is the slow seedling shelf method, that is, the melon seedling is not put on the shelf after it is introduced, but is allowed to crawl on the ground until the first female flower is introduced. The autumn seedling is cultivated because of less rain, long sunshine and high temperature. , Female flowers appear high in node position, you can use the slow seedling shelf method. Straw or rope can be used to fix the vine on the bamboo pole or rope to let it grow upright. 6. Artificial auxiliary pollination. In order to improve the fruit setting rate, artificial auxiliary pollination can be carried out at 7-9 o'clock every day during the flowering period. Pick up the male flower that is open that day, and gently apply it to the stigma of the female flower. One male flower can apply 2-3 female flowers. After setting the fruit, remove the slow-expanding and deformed fruits in time. 6. Prevention of plant diseases and insect pests Focusing on prevention, comprehensive prevention and control, and adapting to time, place, and environment, giving priority to the application of non-pesticide prevention methods. Non-pesticide control methods mainly include reasonable rotation, timely garden cleaning, soil disinfection, seed disinfection, selection of varieties resistant to diseases and insects, hanging insect traps and traps, installing insect nets, and releasing natural enemies. 1. Prevention of major diseases: Powdery mildew can be used with 29% pyrithione azoxystrobin wettable powder 500 times liquid, 15% feninine (triazolone) wettable powder 1000-1200 times liquid or 12.5% ​​oxiconazole wettable powder 3000-4000 times liquid, etc. Spray control. Downy mildew can be sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 times liquid, 70% ethyl aluminum·manganese zinc wettable powder 500-800 times liquid spray, or using 45% chlorothalonil fumigant 200g per mu for fumigation. Fusarium wilt can be made into medicinal soil by 500-600 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 1000 times of 70% thiophanate wettable powder, which can be applied when sowing or transplanting. 2. Main pest control: Liriomyza sativae can be sprayed with 1.8% avermectin EC 2000-3000 times solution, 75% carbaryl (menavir) wettable powder 500-1000 times solution, and 75% desfluramine wettable powder 3000 times solution. The fruit fly can be controlled by spraying with 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times liquid and 5% fipronil suspension 1500 times liquid. Whitefly can use 10% imidacloprid soluble liquid 3000 times, 25% thiazinone wettable powder 1500 times, 50% insecticidal soluble powder 1500 times, 22.4% spirotetramat suspension 2000 times, etc. Spray control can also be added with some pyrethroid pesticides, which have a good contact effect on whitefly adults. Thrips can be sprayed with 3000% solution of 10% imidacloprid soluble solution, 2000g solution of 60g/L ethyl spinosyn suspension, and 2500 times solution of 25% pymetrozine suspension. Seven, timely harvest The tender and old melons of small fruit pumpkins can be harvested. The tender melons are generally harvested 15 to 20 days after flowering and pollination; the old melons are generally harvested 35 to 40 days after flowering and pollination when the fruit epidermis hardens. Disclaimer: Some articles of this website are transferred from the Internet. 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